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. 2019 Jul 13;8(14):e012141. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.119.012141

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Conceptual framework for analyses. “a” refers to multivariable‐adjusted regression coefficient relating arterial stiffness measure to presence vs absence of target organ damage (TOD); it is the direct effect of arterial stiffness on TOD. “b” refers to multivariable‐adjusted regression coefficient relating TOD to the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) (without arterial stiffness measures in the model); it is the overall effect of TOD on CVD corrected for confounders. “b’” refers to multivariable‐adjusted regression coefficient relating TOD to the incidence of CVD with additional adjustment for arterial stiffness measures; it is the direct effect of TOD on CVD incidence. “c” refers to multivariable‐adjusted regression coefficient relating arterial stiffness measures to the incidence of CVD; it is the overall effect of arterial stiffness on CVD incidence. “c’” refers to multivariable‐adjusted regression coefficient relating arterial stiffness measures to the incidence of CVD with additional adjustment for presence of TOD at baseline; it is the direct effect of arterial stiffness on CVD incidence.