Table 2.
Cross‐Sectional Relations of Pulsatile and Steady State Hemodynamics (Arterial Stiffness Measures) to TOD
| Characteristic | Sample 1 | Sample 2 (With Brain MRI Measures) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albuminuria | LVH | ≥1 Form of TOD (Albuminuria, LVH) | CBIs | WMH | ≥1 Form of TOD (Albuminuria, LVH, CBIs, or WMH) | |
| No. of participants | 6203 | 6203 | 6203 | 3144 | 3144 | 3144 |
| No. with TOD | 476 | 602 | 960 | 231 | 399 | 907 |
| Arterial stiffness measure | OR (95% CI) for TOD | |||||
| Central PP | 1.27 (1.16–1.39)* | 1.51 (1.38–1.66)* | 1.44 (1.33–1.56)* | 1.04 (0.90–1.20) | 1.15 (1.01–1.30)† | 1.32 (1.20–1.46)* |
| Central MAP | 1.23 (1.11–1.36)* | 1.38 (1.25–1.53)* | 1.36 (1.25–1.48)* | 1.17 (0.997–1.38) | 1.29 (1.15–1.45)* | 1.38 (1.26–1.52)* |
| CFPWV | 1.54 (1.31–1.80)* | 1.27 (1.09–1.47)‡ | 1.39 (1.22–1.57)* | 1.28 (1.02–1.61)† | 1.26 (1.03–1.54)† | 1.31 (1.14–1.51)* |
| Analyses with additional adjustment for duration of hypertension and diabetes mellitus (data for Offspring Cohort only) | ||||||
| No. of participants | 2307 | 2307 | 2307 | 1269 | 1269 | 1269 |
| No. with TOD | 295 | 380 | 580 | 161 | 194 | 517 |
| Arterial stiffness measure | OR (95% CI) for TOD | |||||
| Central PP | 1.17 (1.04–1.30)‡ | 1.38 (1.24–1.53)* | 1.30 (1.18–1.43)* | 1.00 (0.84–1.20) | 1.17 (1.01–1.35)† | 1.21 (1.08–1.36)‡ |
| Central MAP | 1.25 (1.09–1.44)‡ | 1.24 (1.11–1.40)* | 1.30 (1.16–1.45)* | 1.08 (0.88–1.31) | 1.28 (1.09–1.49)‡ | 1.29 (1.13–1.46)* |
| CFPWV | 1.38 (1.12–1.70)‡ | 1.08 (0.90–1.29) | 1.19 (1.01–1.40)† | 1.24 (0.95–1.62) | 1.35 (1.01–1.80)† | 1.21 (1.003–1.47)† |
Odds ratios (ORs) are reported for 1‐SD increase in arterial stiffness measure and are adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, antihypertensive treatment, smoking, prevalent cardiovascular disease, total cholesterol/high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, triglycerides, lipid‐lowering medications, heart rate, estimated glomerular filtration rate. Duration of hypertension and diabetes mellitus was measured in the Offspring Cohort only and was estimated based on number of examintions attended with the condition present. CBIs indicates covert brain infarcts; CFPWV, carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; MAP, mean arterial pressure; PP, pulse pressure; TOD, target organ damage; WMH, large white matter hyperintensity on brain magnetic resonance imaging.
*P<0.001; † P<0.05; ‡ P<0.01.