Table 5.
Relations of Pulsatile and Steady State Hemodynamics (Arterial Stiffness Measures) to Incident TOD
| Characteristic | Albuminuria | Echocardiographic LVHa |
|---|---|---|
| Analyses of Sample 3 and Sample 4 | ||
| No. of participants free of TOD at baseline with data at follow‐up | 4215 | 1111 |
| No. with TOD at follow‐up | 224 | 118 |
| Arterial stiffness measure | OR (95% CI) for incident TOD | |
| Central PP | 1.08 (0.91–1.27) | 1.45 (1.17–1.79)† |
| Central MAP | 1.07 (0.90–1.27) | 1.37 (1.10–1.69)‡ |
| Adjusted for brachial systolic BP | 1.07 (0.85–1.36) | 1.29 (0.97–1.71) |
| Adjusted for brachial diastolic BP | 1.08 (0.88–1.34) | 1.59 (1.19–2.12)‡ |
| CFPWV | 1.28 (1.02–1.61)§ | 1.26 (0.93–1.71) |
| Adjusted for central PP | 1.27 (1.003–1.61)§ | 1.04 (0.76–1.43) |
| Adjusted for brachial PP | 1.30 (1.01–1.66)§ | 1.14 (0.83–1.56) |
| Adjusted for brachial systolic BP | 1.31 (1.01–1.69)§ | 1.12 (0.80–1.56) |
| Adjusted for brachial diastolic BP | 1.29 (1.02–1.63)§ | 1.26 (0.92–1.72) |
| Analyses with additional adjustment for duration of hypertension and diabetes mellitus (data for Offspring participants only) | ||
| No. of participants free of TOD at baseline with data at follow‐up | 1413 | 1110 |
| No. with TOD at follow‐up | 126 | 118 |
| Arterial stiffness measure | OR (95% CI) for incident TOD | |
| Central PP | 0.94 (0.77–1.15) | 1.46 (1.18–1.80)† |
| Central MAP | 0.96 (0.79–1.18) | 1.39 (1.12–1.73)‡ |
| CFPWV | 1.29 (0.95–1.74) | 1.27 (0.94–1.73) |
Odds ratios (ORs) are reported for 1‐SD increase in arterial stiffness measure and are adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, antihypertensive treatment, smoking, prevalent cardiovascular disease, total cholesterol/high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, triglycerides, lipid‐lowering medications, heart rate, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Duration was measured in the Offspring Cohort only and was estimated based on the number of examinations attended with the condition present. BP indicates blood pressure; CFPWV, carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity; MAP, mean arterial pressure; PP, pulse pressure; TOD, target organ damage.
Echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) at follow‐up was measured in the Offspring Cohort only.
† P<0.001; ‡ P<0.01; § P<0.05.