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. 2019 Jul 9;8(14):e012235. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.119.012235

Table 4.

Identified Cardiac Disorders Associated With Sudden Cardiac Death

Cardiac Disorder Age, Race, Sex, Sport Sports Physical or Well‐Child Evaluation Within 12 Months Positive Findings on History and Physical Examination ECG Findings Echocardiogram Findings
Anomalous coronary artery 16 y/o black male; baseball, basketball, football, soccer No History: SOB, h/o murmur, prior cardiac testing
PE: murmur 		Normal Anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the left coronary cusp
Dilated aorta 14 y/o white male; basketball, cross country Yes None Pathologic Q‐wavesa Ascending aorta 3.6 cm
HCM 15 y/o white male; baseball, golf Yes PE: murmur ST‐segment depression IVSd thickness 2.0 cm
HCM 15 y/o black male; baseball, basketball No PE: murmur Ventricular preexcitation IVSd thickness 1.7 cm
LQTS 16 y/o Asian female; cross country, martial arts Unknown None QTc 501 Normal
LQTS 16 y/o white female; dance Unknown None QTc 556 Normal
LQTS 15 y/o white female; tennis, volleyball Unknown History: syncope QTc 511 Normal
WPW 15 y/o white male; soccer Yes History: FHx heart disease <50, genetic conditiona
PE: murmur 		Ventricular preexcitation Normal
WPW 17 y/o white male; ROTC Yes None Ventricular preexcitation Normal
WPW 14 y/o Hispanic female; soccer Unknown History: CP, SOB, syncope Ventricular pre‐excitation Normal
WPW 15 y/o white male; lacrosse, soccer Unknown None Ventricular preexcitation Normal
WPW 16 y/o white male; baseball Yes None Ventricular preexcitation Normal
WPW 15 y/o white male; soccer Yes History: FHx heart disease <50, genetic conditiona
PE: murmur 		Ventricular preexcitation Normal
WPW 17 y/o white female; cross country, track/field Unknown History: syncope Ventricular preexcitation Normal
WPW 16 y/o white female; golf Yes History: CP, SOB, prior cardiac testing, genetic condition Ventricular preexcitation Normal
WPW 15 y/o white male; basketball, football, track/field Yes History: prior restriction from sport, FHx premature deatha Ventricular preexcitation Normal

History: SOB=“excessive and unexplained shortness of breath/fatigue or palpitations associated with exercise”; CP=“chest pain/pressure/tightness/discomfort related to exertion”; syncope=“unexplained syncope (passing out) or near‐syncope (nearly passing out)”; FHx premature death=“one or more relatives had premature death (sudden and unexpected, or otherwise) before 50 years of age attributable to heart disease”; genetic condition=“family member [with] any of these heart conditions: hypertrophic or dilated cardiomyopathy, long‐QT syndrome, or other ion channelopathies, Marfan syndrome, or clinically significant arrhythmias; specific knowledge of genetic cardiac conditions in family members”; FHx heart disease <50=“close relative <50 years of age had disability from heart disease”. h/o indicates history of; HCM, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; IVSd, interventricular septum thickness at end diastole; LQTS, long QT syndrome; PE, physical examination; ROTC, Reserve Officers’ Training Corps; WPW, Wolff‐Parkinson‐White; y/o, year old.

a

Findings on history and physical examination or on ECG not considered relevant to the diagnosis and therefore not included in the statistical performance calculations.