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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Diabetes Complications. 2018 Dec 7;33(3):217–222. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2018.12.001

Table 2.

Dichotomized depressive symptoms as predictors of low adherence.

Endorsement Frequency Predicting Low Adherence
Not Low
Adherence
% (n)
Low
Adherence
% (n)
Unadjusted
OR
(95%CI)
Covariate-
Adjusted††
OR
(95%CI)
Depression
Screen-
Adjusted†††
OR
(95%CI)
Likely
Depression
Excluded§
OR
(95%CI)
Somatic Symptoms
  Trouble falling/staying asleep, y 43.2 (73) 52.7 (109) 1.46 (0.97–1.20) 1.51 (0.98–2.32) 1.16 (0.73-1.84) 1.27 (0.77-2.09)
  Tired or little energy, y 57.4 (97) 73.9 (153)** 2.10**(1.36–3.25) 2.15**(1.37–3.38) 1.71*(1.06-2.77) 1.77*(1.09-2.87)
  Poor appetite, y 36.7 (62) 44.4 (92) 1.38 (0.91–2.09) 1.29 (0.83–2.00) 0.91 (0.56-1.48) 0.69 (0.40-1.18)
  Move or speak slowly, y 13.8 (25) 24.6 (51)* 1.88*(1.11–3.20) 2.01*(1.16–3.47) 1.35 (0.73-2.51) 1.23 (0.55-2.74)
Cognitive-Affective Symptoms
  Little pleasure in doing things, y 40.8 (69) 51.2 (106)* 1.52*(1.01–2.29) 1.48 (0.97–2.27) 1.07 (0.67-1.72) 1.04 (0.63-1.73)
  Feeling down, depressed, y 42.0 (71) 49.8 (103) 1.37 (0.91–2.06) 1.34 (0.87–2.06) 0.87 (0.53-1.43) 0.89 (0.53-1.50)
  Feeling bad about yourself, y 22.5 (38) 31.4 (65) 1.58 (0.99–2.51) 1.55 (0.95–2.53) 0.94 (0.52-1.69) 1.14 (0.56-2.31)
  Trouble concentrating, y 23.1 (39) 32.4 (67) 1.60*(1.01–2.53) 1.72*(1.07–2.78) 1.19 (0.69-2.05) 1.00 (0.53-1.92)

p=.05

*

p<.05,

**

p<.01

††

Adjusted for age, gender, A1C, insulin use, and illness duration

†††

Adjusted for positive screen, age, gender, A1C, insulin use, and illness duration

§

Excluding those with positive screen for depression (n=290); adjusted for age, gender, A1C, insulin use, and illness duration