Colons were harvested, homogenized, and processed on day 11 for the analysis of inflammatory mediators using respective ELISAs. A. IL-18 *p<0.05 DSS Ethanol + C. rod compared to DSS Vehicle + C. rod and DSS Vehicle by ANOVA, B. IL-1β *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001 DSS Ethanol + C. rod compared to all other groups by ANOVA, C. IL-6 *p<0.05 DSS Ethanol + C. rod compared to DSS Vehicle and DSS Vehicle + C. rod compared to DSS Vehicle by ANOVA, TNFα, E. KC by ELISA. Values are mean ± SEM 7–8 animals per group.