| Compounds | Exp RI | Lit RI | CAS number | Green needles | Senescent needles | Needle litter | Roots | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peak area | Percentage | Peak area | Percentage | Peak area | Percentage | Peak area | Percentage | ||||
| Monoterpenes | |||||||||||
| α‐Thujene | 925 | 924 | 2867‐05‐2 | Tr. | 358,134 | 0.1 | 410,338 | 0.1 | |||
| α‐Pinene* | 930 | 932 | 80‐56‐8 | 10,346,907 | 4.6 | 17,524,595 | 5.8 | 19,951,489 | 3.4 | 10,054,231 | 18.0 |
| Sabinene | 971 | 969 | 3387‐41‐5 | 1,572,906 | 0.7 | 6,618,945 | 1.8 | 10,598,025 | 1.8 | Tr. | |
| Myrcene* | 990 | 988 | 123‐35‐3 | 36,174,796 | 16.0 | 28,934,513 | 7.0 | 40,881,515 | 7.0 | 465,899 | 0.8 |
| 3‐Carene* | 1,006 | 1,008 | 13466‐78‐9 | 9,039,854 | 4.0 | 9,172,857 | 3.0 | 13,243,330 | 2.3 | 305,225 | 0.5 |
| α‐Terpinene* | 1,014 | 1,014 | 99‐86‐5 | 378,716 | 0.2 | 881,019 | 0.3 | 2,353,116 | 0.4 | ||
| p‐Cymene* | 1,023 | 1,020 | 99‐87‐6 | 2,090,340 | 0.9 | 4,847,511 | 1.6 | 11,897,482 | 2.0 | 212,077 | 0.4 |
| Limonene* | 1,027 | 1,024 | 138‐86‐3 | 2,384,835 | 1.1 | 5,735,130 | 1.9 | 12,187,549 | 2.1 | 643,660 | 1.1 |
| β‐Ocimene, cis‐ | 1,039 | 1,032 | 3338‐55‐4 | Tr. | Tr. | 501,366 | 0.1 | ||||
| β‐Ocimene, trans‐ | 1,049 | 1,044 | 3779‐61‐1 | 1,134,531 | 0.5 | 2,726,094 | 0.9 | 4,706,409 | 0.8 | ||
| γ‐Terpinene* | 1,058 | 1,054 | 99‐85‐4 | 1,433,499 | 0.6 | 2,779,971 | 0.9 | 6,473,793 | 1.1 | ||
| δ‐Terpinene | 1,086 | 1,086 | 586‐62‐9 | 7,751,217 | 3.4 | 17,922,640 | 6.0 | 39,209,696 | 6.7 | 270,637 | 0.4 |
| p‐Mentha‐1,3,8‐triene | 1,106 | 1,108 | 18368‐95‐1 | 884,388 | 0.3 | 1,006,077 | 0.2 | ||||
| p‐Mentha‐1,5,8‐triene | 1,110 | 1,112 | 21195‐59‐5 | Tr. | 327,055 | 0.1 | 741,572 | 0.1 | |||
| Oxygenated monoterpenes | |||||||||||
| Mentha‐2,8‐dien‐1‐ol | 1,132 | 1,133 | 3886‐78‐0 | 152,253 | 0.1 | 491,005 | 0.2 | ||||
| Camphor* | 1,140 | 1,141 | 76‐22‐2 | 200,666 | 0.1 | 1,385,989 | 0.5 | 954,450 | 0.2 | Tr. | |
| 3‐Pinanone, trans‐ | 1,156 | 1,158 | 547‐60‐4 | 461,983 | 0.2 | 523,886 | 0.2 | 1,386,736 | 0.2 | ||
| Pinocarvone | 1,158 | 1,160 | 30460‐92‐5 | 455,894 | 0.2 | Tr. | |||||
| 3‐Pinanone, cis‐ | 1,168 | 1,172 | 15358‐88‐0 | 625,857 | 0.3 | 1,928,458 | 0.6 | 2,276,193 | 0.4 | ||
| 4‐Terpineol* | 1,174 | 1,174 | 562‐74‐3 | 812,368 | 0.4 | 3,588,528 | 1.2 | 2,901,480 | 0.5 | ||
| p‐Cymen‐8‐ol | 1,181 | 1,179 | 1197‐01‐9 | Tr. | 596,384 | 0.2 | 422,419 | 0.1 | |||
| α‐Terpineol* | 1,190 | 1,186 | 98‐55‐5 | 155,272 | 0.1 | 569,885 | 0.2 | 594,605 | 0.1 | ||
| Verbenone* | 1,203 | 1,204 | 80‐57‐9 | 196,893 | 0.1 | 317,261 | 0.1 | 320,962 | 0.1 | 186,682 | 0.3 |
| Monoterpene derivates | |||||||||||
| Carvacrol, methyl ether | 1,242 | 1,241 | 6379‐73‐3 | Tr. | 306,988 | 0.1 | 360,329 | 0.1 | |||
| Isoborneol, acetate | 1,283 | 1,283 | 125‐12‐2 | 500,659 | 0.2 | 548,059 | 0.1 | Tr. | |||
| Sesquiterpenes | |||||||||||
| α‐Cubebene | 1,348 | 1,345 | 31141‐66‐9 | 308,896 | 0.1 | 478,395 | 0.2 | 1,622,287 | 0.3 | Tr. | |
| Cyclosativene | 1,364 | 1,369 | 30541‐92‐5 | 912,179 | 0.4 | 412,837 | 0.1 | 1,267,626 | 0.2 | 608,193 | 1.1 |
| Copaene | 1,374 | 1,374 | 13567‐62‐9 | 3,866,030 | 1.7 | 4,645,349 | 1.5 | 10,363,372 | 1.8 | 2,976,659 | 5.3 |
| β‐Bourbonene | 1,383 | 1,387 | 13828‐08‐5 | 198,267 | 0.1 | 256,843 | 0.1 | 987,030 | 0.2 | Tr. | |
| β‐Cubebene | 1,388 | 1,387 | 23526‐21‐8 | 237,280 | 0.1 | 286,492 | 0.1 | 923,549 | 0.2 | 107,540 | 0.2 |
| β‐Elemene | 1,392 | 1,389 | 33880‐83‐0 | 223,101 | 0.1 | 550,915 | 0.2 | 1,287,407 | 0.2 | Tr. | |
| Longifolene* | 1,402 | 1,407 | 475‐20‐7 | 426,933 | 0.1 | 1,485,812 | 2.6 | ||||
| Isocaryophyllene | 1,408 | 1,408 | 61217‐74‐1 | 1,004,437 | 0.4 | 849,294 | 0.3 | 2,518,016 | 0.4 | Tr. | |
| β‐Caryophyllene* | 1,417 | 1,417 | 17627‐40‐6 | 78,630,885 | 34.8 | 108,704,883 | 36.2 | 310,965,356 | 53.3 | 14,269,696 | 25.6 |
| β‐Copaene | 1,429 | 1,430 | 18252‐44‐3 | 1,062,919 | 0.5 | 2,303,947 | 0.8 | 5,304,121 | 0.9 | 1,505,045 | 2.7 |
| α‐Guaiene | 1,438 | 1,437 | 3691‐12‐1 | Tr. | 423,833 | 0.1 | 961,784 | 0.2 | |||
| Guaia‐6,9‐diene | 1,443 | 1,442 | 37839‐64‐8 | 333,554 | 0.1 | 598,957 | 0.2 | 1,878,411 | 0.3 | ||
| α‐Himachalene | 1,449 | 1,449 | 41702‐31‐2 | Tr. | 739,854 | 0.2 | 154,872 | 0.3 | |||
| α‐Caryophyllene* | 1,453 | 1,452 | 6753‐98‐6 | 15,738,469 | 7.0 | 20,909,453 | 7.0 | 663,457 | 0.1 | 2,456,448 | 4.4 |
| Cadina‐1(6), 4‐diene, trans‐ | 1,474 | 1,475 | 931410‐54‐7 | Tr. | 484,498 | 0.2 | 589,353 | 0.1 | |||
| γ‐Muurolene | 1,478 | 1,478 | 30021‐74‐0 | 958,492 | 0.4 | 2,379,018 | 0.8 | 2,421,011 | 0.4 | 876,675 | 1.6 |
| Germacrene D | 1,482 | 1,484 | 105453‐16‐5 | 199,903 | 0.1 | 274,159 | 0.1 | 888,134 | 0.2 | 473,752 | 0.8 |
| β‐Selinene | 1,492 | 1,489 | 21488‐94‐8 | 369,225 | 0.2 | 516,694 | 0.2 | 2,314,984 | 0.4 | ||
| α‐Muurolene | 1,502 | 1,500 | 31983‐22‐9 | 5,890,566 | 2.6 | 5,269,095 | 1.8 | 5,470,007 | 0.9 | 12,505,286 | 22.3 |
| α‐Farnesene, trans, trans‐ | 1,510 | 1,505 | 502‐61‐4 | 245,532 | 0.1 | 504,495 | 0.2 | 549,898 | 0.1 | 168,261 | 0.2 |
| γ‐Cadinene | 1,516 | 1,513 | 39029‐41‐9 | 295,765 | 0.1 | 745,112 | 0.2 | 484,686 | 0.1 | Tr. | |
| δ‐Cadinene | 1,524 | 1,522 | 60305‐17‐1 | 2,273,959 | 1.0 | 1,615,905 | 0.6 | 3,872,377 | 0.7 | 812,058 | 1.4 |
| Cadina‐1,4‐diene | 1,535 | 1,533 | 16728‐99‐7 | 183,093 | 0.1 | 242,526 | 0.1 | 449,617 | 0.1 | ||
| Oxygenated sesquiterpenes | |||||||||||
| Caryophyllene oxide* | 1,585 | 1,582 | 1139‐30‐6 | 10,874,006 | 4.8 | 8,156,453 | 2.7 | 10,138,100 | 1.7 | 1,643,386 | 2.9 |
| Humulene oxide II | 1,613 | 1,608 | 67737‐67‐1 | 1,610,896 | 0.7 | 1,375,880 | 0.5 | 1,311,156 | 0.2 | 249,478 | 0.4 |
Abbreviations: CAS Number, Chemical Abstracts Service Number; Exp RI, Experimental Retention Index calculated with the formula of van Den Dool and Kratz (1963); Lit RI, Literal Retention Index based on Adams (2007); Peak area, peak area of the compound in the chromatogram; Percentage, peak surface percentage in the chromatogram; Tr., Traces (peak surface percentage < 0.1%).
*
Identification confirmed by commercial standard coinjection.