Figure 2.

Associations between high low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) status and the levels of 151 lipid species. A, Individuals affected by high LDL‐C levels (n=105) were compared with their unaffected relatives (n=358) in the 53 “high LDL‐C” families. B, Individuals affected by high LDL‐C (n=56) were compared with other individuals (n=841) in the FINRISK study population cohort. The association of high LDL‐C status with the lipid species was estimated using linear mixed models with age, age², and sex as the other fixed‐effect covariates. Statistical significance was evaluated using the Benjamini‐Hochberg method at a 5% false discovery rate (FDR). The ordering of the lipid species within each class is the same as in Table S7. Cer indicates ceramide; DG, diacylglyceride; FDR, false discovery rate; LDL‐C, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; LPA, lysophosphatic acid; LPC, lysophosphatidylcholine; LPE, lysophosphatidylethanolamine; PC, phosphatidylcholine; PCO, phosphatidylcholine‐ether; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine; PEO, phosphatidylethanolamine‐ether; PI, phosphatidylinositol; CE, cholesteryl ester; SM, sphingomyelin; ST, sterol; TG, triacylglyceride.