Table 1.
Characteristics of Included Studies and Patients of the Meta‐Analysis
| First Author (Year)Refs. | Study Design | Interventions and Controls | Patients (n) | Setting | Age (y, mean±SD) | Men (%) | Imaging Modality | Indices | FU (mo) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Controlled trials | |||||||||
| McMurray (2014)11 | RCT |
ARNI Enalapril |
8399 | HFrEF (LVEF ≤35%) | 63.8±11.39 | 78.1 | ECHO | Biomarkers | 27 |
| Schmieder (2016)15 | RCT |
ARNI Olmesartan |
114 | EH | 59.8±10.7 | 67.5 | MRI | CRR indices | 13 |
| Solomon (2012)16 | RCT |
ARNI Valsartan |
301 | HFpEF (LVEF≥45%) | 71.0±9.15 | 43.5 | ECHO | Functional capacity, CRR indices and biomarkers | 9 |
| Kang (2018)19 | RCT |
ARNI Valsartan |
118 | HFrEF | 62.6±11 | 61 | ECHO | CRR indices | 12 |
| Almufleh (2017)17 | Cohort study |
ARNI ACEI/ARB |
48 | HFrEF | 70±11.1 | 79.2 | ECHO | Functional capacity, CRR indices | 3 |
| De Diego (2018)18 | Cohort study |
ARNI Ramipril |
250 | HFrEF (LVEF ≤40%) | 69±8 | 76 | ECHO | Functional capacity, CRR indices and biomarkers | 6 |
| Nazzari (2017)20 | Cohort study |
ARNI ACEI/ARB |
43 | HFrEF | 58.0±12.9 | NR | ECHO | Functional capacity, CRR indices | 6 |
| Uncontrolled trials | |||||||||
| Barrett (2018)21 | Observational study | ARNI | 61 | HFrEF | 68 | 65 | ECHO | Biomarkers | 3.4 |
| Murray (2017)22 | Observational study | ARNI | 112 | HFrEF | NR | NR | ECHO | Biomarkers | 18 |
| Maurin (2017)23 | Cohort study | ARNI | 80 | Systolic HF | 59 | 76 | ECHO | Functional capacity and CRR indices | 3 |
| Canu (2017)24 | Observational study | ARNI | 200 | Systolic HF | 59 | 81 | ECHO | Functional capacity indices | 6 |
| Martens (2018)25 | Cohort study | ARNI | 125 | HFrEF (LVEF <35%) | 66±10 | 81 | ECHO | Functional capacity CRR indices | 4 |
| Groba‐Marco (2018)26 | Observational study | ARNI | 17 | Symptomatic HFrEF | 60.6±10.93 | 76 | ECHO | Functional capacity, CRR indices | 4.9 |
| Kalantari (2018)27 | Observational study | ARNI | 40 | HFrEF | NR | NR | ECHO | Functional capacity, CRR indices | 3 |
| Mercedes Faraudo (2017)28 | Observational study | ARNI | 23 | HFrEF | 71 | 91 | ECHO | Functional capacity indices | 3 |
| Rafael Bravo Marques (2017)29 | Observational study | ARNI | 57 | HFrEF | 69.1±10.1 | 80.7 | ECHO | Functional capacity, CRR indices | 12 |
| Hlavata (2018)30 | Observational study | ARNI | 12 | HFrEF | NR | 91.7 | ECHO | Functional capacity indices and biomarkers | 3 |
| Beltrán (2018)31 | Observational study | ARNI | 58 | HFrEF | 70±11 | 72.4 | ECHO | Functional capacity indices | 3 |
| Rodil Fraile (2018)32 | Observational study | ARNI | 65 | HFrEF | 78.6±7.4 | 68 | ECHO | Functional capacity indices | 9.5 |
| Mantis (2018)33 | Observational study | ARNI | 52 | HFrEF | 64±11 | 69 | ECHO | Functional capacity indices | 6 |
ACEI indicates angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; ARNI, angiotensin‐receptor neprilysin inhibitor; CRR, cardiac reverse remodeling; ECHO, echocardiography; EH, essential hypertension; FU, follow‐up; HFpEF, heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF, heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; NR, not reported; RCT, randomized controlled trials; Ref, reference.