Table 5.
Clinical characteristics of type 2 diabetic subjects according to the presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy.
| No DR | NPDR | PDR | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number (n) | 131 | 68 | 26 | |
| Age (years) | 53.91 (12.21) | 53.95(12.44) | 53.61(11.80) | NS |
| Sex (male/female) | 90/41 | 38/30 | 15/11 | NS |
| Duration of diabetes (years)△ | 2(0.8,9) | 7(3,13)∗ | 8.0(3,14.0)∗ | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference(cm) | 86.63 (11.12) | 87.17(11.09) | 87.23(8.43) | NS |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.91(3.46) | 24.89(2.95) | 26.06(4.61) | NS |
| SBP (mmHg) | 125.01(13.26) | 128.83(15.53) | 121.11(9.08) | NS |
| DBP (mmHg) | 78.37(7.47) | 79.70(5.93) | 78.30(4.18) | NS |
| Glycated hemoglobin (%) | 8.03(1.45) | 8.78(2.24)∗ | 9.24(2.46)∗ | 0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l) △ | 1.62(1.15,2.21) | 1.58(1.06,2.40) | 1.77(1.14,2.86) | NS |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.62(1.03) | 5.07(1.07)∗ | 4.81(1.04) | 0.017 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l)△ | 1.07(0.30) | 1.13(0.27) | 1.11(0.27) | NS |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 2.77(0.75) | 2.96(0.86) | 2.88(0.87) | NS |
| Serum Creatinine (umol/l) | 55.53(13.58) | 51.25(14.69)∗ | 48.19(10.10)∗ | 0.02 |
| UAE (mg/24h)△ | 13.2(9,17.0) | 13.8(10.80,19.0) | 15.0(8.9,19.1) | NS |
| hs-CRP (mg/L) △ | 3.6(1.2,6.6) | 6.9(2.62,11.0) | 3.80(0.92,8.45) | NS |
| Chemerin (ng/ml) | 97.69(40.27) | 112.66(38.34)∗ | 119.95(48.62)∗ | 0.007 |
| Medication | 0.015 | |||
| Oral hypoglycemic agents | 33(25.1%) | 22(32.35%) | 4(15.38%) | |
| Insulin | 98(74.9%) | 46(67.65%) | 22(84.62%) | |
| Hypertension (%) | 71(54.19%) | 42(61.70%) | 17(65.38%) | NS |
Numerical variables are expressed as the mean with SD and median (interquartile range). Categorical variables were presented as number (percentage). P-value for difference between the groups was calculated from the analysis of a one-way ANOVA and ∗vs. No DR.
BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; Scr, serum creatinine; UAE, urinary albumin excretion; hs-CRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein; NS, not significant.
△Natural logarithmic transformation was used in analysis.