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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jul 29.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet. 2009;10:355–386. doi: 10.1146/annurev.genom.9.081307.164420

Table 2.

List of genes upregulated in humans1

#ID Gene symbol RefSeq ID Gene description Chr (Build 35) Start End Direction Tissue Source dN/dS Chimp (ENSEMBL)
BAT8 NM_025256 LA-B associated transcript 8 BAT8 isoform b chr6 31,955,518 31,973,443 Up Liver Gilad et al. 2006 0.0862
BTAF1 NM_003972 BTAF1 RNA polymerase II, B-TFIID transcription chr10 93,673,715 93,780,062 Up Liver Gilad et al. 2006 0.0000
C21orf33 NM_004649 es1 protein isoform Ia precursor chr21 44,382,191 44,384,261 Up Brain Enard et al. and Caceres et al. 0.1464
C4ORF1 #N/A #N/A Up Liver Gilad et al. 2006 0.1059
CA2 NM_000067 Carbonic anhydrase II chr8 86,578,696 86,580,973 Up Brain Enard et al. and Caceres et al. 2.1364
COL6A1 NM_001848 Collagen, type VI, alpha 1 precursor chr21 46,226,090 46,249,391 Up Brain Enard et al. and Caceres et al. 0.1162
CROC4 NM_006365 Transcriptional activator of the c-fos promoter chr1 153,187,128 153,212,257 Up Brain Enard et al. and Caceres et al. 0.9643
CTCF NM_006565 CCCTC-binding factor chr16 66,153,964 66,230,589 Up Liver Gilad et al. 2006 0.0000
DUSP6 NM_022652 Dual specificity phosphatase 6 isoform b chr12 88,265,972 88,270,394 Up Liver Gilad et al. 2006 0.0683
ENTPD6 NM_001247 Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 6 chr20 25,157,785 25,160,569 Up Brain Enard et al. and Caceres et al. 0.4350
FCN3 NM_173452 Ficolin 3 isoform 2 precursor chr1 27,568,218 27,573,883 Up Liver Gilad et al. 2006 #N/A
FLJ10326 #N/A #N/A chr1 216,656,117 216,709,777 Up Liver Gilad et al. 2006 0.0826
FOXO1A NM_002015 Forkhead box O1 chr13 40,027,817 40,138,734 Up Liver Gilad et al. 2006 0.0000
GM2A NM_000405 GM2 ganglioside activator precursor chr5 150,628,953 150,631,513 Up Brain Enard et al. and Caceres et al. 0.4397
GOSR1 NM_001007024.1 Golgi SNAP receptor complex member 1 isoform 3 chr17 25,828,552 25,877,957 Up Liver Gilad et al. 2006 0.2787
GOSR1 NM_001007024.1 Golgi SNAP receptor complex member 1 isoform 3 chr17 25,828,552 25,877,957 Up Brain Enard et al. and Caceres et al. 0.2787
GTF2I NM_032999 General transcription factor II, i isoform 1 chr7 73,516,681 73,619,673 Up Brain Enard et al. and Caceres et al. 0.0410
HSPA2 NM_021979 Heat shock 70-kDa protein 2 chr14 64,077,212 64,079,708 Up Brain Enard et al. and Caceres et al. 0.1539
LGALS4 NM_006149 Galectin-4 chr19 43,984,158 43,995,409 Up Liver Gilad et al. 2006 0.2471
NAGPA NM_016256 N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphodiester chr16 5,014,872 5,023,920 Up Brain Enard et al. and Caceres et al. 0.0677
NPD009 #N/A #N/A chr16 8,784,670 8,785,932 Up Liver Gilad et al. 2006 0.4530
OSBPL8 NM_001003712.1 Oxysterol-binding protein-like protein 8 isoform chr12 75,269,707 75,477,720 Up Brain Enard et al. and Caceres et al. 0.0000
PDE4DIP NM_014644 Phosphodiesterase 4D interacting protein isoform chr1 143,562,782 143,706,379 Up Brain Enard et al. and Caceres et al. 0.4444
PMS2L5 NM_174930 Postmeiotic segregation increased 2-like 5 chr7 73,751,552 73,766,505 Up Brain Enard et al. and Caceres et al. #N/A
PRDX6 NM_004905 Peroxiredoxin 6 chr1 171,713,108 171,724,569 Up Brain Enard et al. and Caceres et al. 0.0000
RB1 NM_000321 Retinoblastoma 1 chr13 47,775,911 47,954,123 Up Liver Gilad et al. 2006 0.1163
RGL1 NM_015149 Ral guanine nucleotide dissociation chr1 181,871,830 182,164,289 Up Brain Enard et al. and Caceres et al. 0.1225
SF3A3 NM_006802 Splicing factor 3a, subunit 3 chr1 38,195,785 38,229,180 Up Brain Enard et al. and Caceres et al. 0.0000
SMAD1 NM_001003688 Sma- and Mad-related protein 1 chr4 146,760,556 146,837,928 Up Brain Enard et al. and Caceres et al. 0.1754
SPTLC1 NM_006415 Serine palmitoyltransferase subunit 1 isoform a chr9 93,852,933 93,917,459 Up Brain Enard et al. and Caceres et al. 0.1333
STAT6 NM_003153 Signal transducer and activator of transcription chr12 55,775,457 55,791,428 Up Liver Gilad et al. 2006 0.4141
THBS4 NM_003248 Thrombospondin 4 precursor chr5 79,366,746 79,414,866 Up Brain Enard et al. and Caceres et al. 0.0719
TIMP3 NM_000362 Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 chr22 31,521,362 31,583,581 Up Liver Gilad et al. 2006 0.0000
WIRE NM_133264 WIRE protein chr17 35,629,100 35,691,965 Up Brain Enard et al. and Caceres et al. #N/A
ZFP36L2 NM_006887 Zinc finger protein 36, C3H type-like 2 chr2 43,361,192 43,365,396 Up Brain Enard et al. and Caceres et al. #N/A
1

Examples of genes showing increased gene expression in human compared to chimpanzee. Data were taken from References 52, 126 and references therein. Only one gene is found consistently upregulated in both studies (GOSR1). The Gene Symbol, RefSeq ID, chromosomal location (Human Build35), and the tissue studied in every study are also reported. dN/dS (a measure of the selection pressure acting upon the sequence) was retrieved from ENSEMBL. Only one gene could be a candidate to have been under positive selection (CA2, ω = 2.13).