Table 2.

Baseline balance tests for key household characteristics and outcomes, by sex and country

	Male youth panel (14–21 years old at baseline)				Female youth panela (14–21 years old at baseline)
	All	Control	Treatment	P‐value of diff.	All	Control	Treatment	P‐value of diff.
Panel A: Malawi (Social Cash Transfer Program)
Youth: Ever married or cohabited (1/0)	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.93	0.12b	0.11b	0.12b	0.66b
Youth: Ever pregnant (1/0)	—	—	—	—	0.22	0.19	0.25	0.25
Youth: Currently pregnant (1/0)	—	—	—	—	0.04	0.03	0.06	0.09
Youth: Ever given birth (1/0)	—	—	—	—	0.18	0.16	0.20	0.30
Youth: Age (years)	16.52	16.50	16.55	0.71	16.38	16.44	16.32	0.43
Youth: Currently attending (1/0)	0.60	0.61	0.59	0.63	0.52	0.54	0.50	0.47
Main respondent: Age (years)	53.78	52.75	54.88	0.29	53.75	54.00	53.47	0.82
Main respondent: Female (1/0)	0.83	0.84	0.82	0.57	0.89	0.87	0.91	0.15
Main respondent: Ever attended school (1/0)	0.34	0.34	0.34	0.99	0.35	0.37	0.33	0.54
Main respondent, marital status: Divorced/separated/widowed (1/0)	0.62	0.60	0.64	0.55	0.61	0.6	0.62	0.75
Main respondent, marital status: Never married (1/0)	0.04	0.05	0.03	0.41	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.89
Household size	5.98	6.09	5.87	0.30	5.78	5.78	5.77	0.96
Highest (above mean) household monthly per capita consumption (1/0)	0.49	0.48	0.51	0.52	0.50	0.51	0.49	0.64
Gender‐progressive community (top half, 1/0)	0.49	0.52	0.46	0.77	0.49	0.51	0.47	0.83
Maganga (Traditional authority—Salima, 1/0)	0.24	0.28	0.20	0.64	0.24	0.28	0.19	0.62
Ndindi (Traditional authority—Salima, 1/0)	0.23	0.23	0.24	0.96	0.25	0.22	0.27	0.77
Jalasi (Traditional authority—Mangochi, 1/0)	0.29	0.25	0.34	0.68	0.27	0.23	0.31	0.66
Observations	1,023	549	474		917	492	425
Joint orthogonality test (p‐value)	0.286	(0.988)			1.17	(0.393)
Panel B: Zambia (Multiple Category Targeted Grant)
Youth: Ever married or cohabited (1/0)	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.30	0.03b	0.03b	0.04b	0.22b
Youth: Ever pregnant (1/0)	—	—	—	—	0.09	0.09	0.10	0.42
Youth: Currently pregnant (1/0)	—	—	—	—	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.48
Youth: Ever given birth (1/0)	—	—	—	—	0.08	0.07	0.09	0.43
Youth: Age (years)	16.83	16.78	16.88	0.40	16.90	16.77	17.04	0.04
Youth: Currently attending (1/0)	0.68	0.68	0.68	0.98	0.58	0.61	0.53	0.02
Main respondent: Age (years)	54.81	54.73	54.91	0.90	54.04	54.40	53.63	0.65
Main respondent: Female (1/0)	0.76	0.76	0.76	0.97	0.78	0.78	0.79	0.88
Main respondent: Ever attended school (1/0)	0.71	0.72	0.69	0.48	0.68	0.67	0.68	0.78
Main respondent, marital status: Divorced/separated/widowed (1/0)	0.58	0.57	0.59	0.61	0.55	0.54	0.56	0.77
Main respondent, marital status: Never married (1/0)	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.99	0.04	0.05	0.03	0.33
Household size	6.29	6.43	6.14	0.25	6.26	6.27	6.25	0.96
Highest (above mean) household monthly per capita consumption (1/0)	0.53	0.55	0.52	0.46	0.53	0.54	0.52	0.63
Gender‐progressive community (top half, 1/0)	0.39	0.47	0.30	0.12	0.40	0.51	0.28	0.03
Serenje district (1/0)	0.52	0.54	0.50	0.70	0.56	0.57	0.55	0.81
Observations	1,296	663	633		1,210	630	580
Joint orthogonality test (p‐value)	7.74	(0.085)			30.621	(0.006)

NOTES: P‐values are reported from Wald tests on the equality of means of Treatment and Control for each variable. Standard errors are clustered at the community level. Sampling weights have been applied in Malawi. (1/0) depicts binary variables.

^aWe refer here to the female youth panel for early pregnancy, which is slightly larger than the panel for early marriage outcomes (878 in Malawi and 1,070 in Zambia).

^bThese estimates refer to the female youth panel for early marriage (878 in Malawi and 1,070 in Zambia), which is slightly smaller than the panel for early pregnancy outcomes used in this table.

— = Not applicable.