Table 1. Stellate ganglia sympathetic response before and after lidocaine blockade of cardiac plexus.
Before lidocaine injection, a significant elevation in LV dP/dTmax and change in T wave features (amplitude and Tp-Te interval) were induced by both RSGS and LSGS (p<0.005), with an incremental response for all monitored pressures under RSGS (p<0.001). Lidocaine injection into deep CP successfully inhibited all induced sympathetic responses, bilaterally (see text for further details). A reduction of baseline values of SBPsyst and LVPendsyst was observed after lidocaine injection, as well as a slight increase in T wave amplitude and Tp-Te interval. Values are given by mean ± SD. HR= heart rate. LV dP/dTmax= maximum rate of change in left ventricular pressure. LVPendsyst= end-systolic left ventricular pressure. LSGS= left stellate ganglion stimulation. PAPsyst= systolic pulmonary arterial pressure. RSGS= right stellate ganglion stimulation. SBPsyst= systolic systemic blood pressure. Tp-Te interval= T peak to T end interval.
| Before lidocaine | After lidocaine | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline 1 | RSGS | P value† | LSGS | P value† | Baseline 2 | RSGS | P value‡ | LSGS | P value‡ | |
| SBPsyst (mmHg) | 106.2 ± 7.8 | 128.4 ± 9.2 | <0.001 | 112.0 ± 15.3 | 0.529 | 90.2 ± 8.3§ | 88.7 ± 10.3 | 0.684 | 86.5 ± 10.9 | 0.631 |
| LVPendsyst (mmHg) | 94.5 ± 7.7 | 114.7 ± 7.5 | <0.001 | 102.1 ± 12.3 | 0.105 | 80.6 ±7.3§ | 79.8 ±9.4 | 0.481 | 76.7 ± 9.7 | 0.393 |
| PAPsyst (mmHg) | 30.5 ± 5.0 | 45.0 ± 8.4 | <0.001 | 36.2 ± 3.2 | 0.579 | 29.3 ± 3.3 | 29.8 ± 3.0 | 0.853 | 29.0 ± 4.6 | 0.529 |
| HR (bpm) | 88.1 ± 15.6 | 137.7 ± 14.1 | <0.001 | 90.2 ± 15.1 | 0.019 | 82.1 ± 9.5 | 85.3 ± 15.1 | 0.912 | 79.4 ± 8.3 | 0.631 |
| LV dP/dTmax (mmHg/s) | 1294.5 ± 430.7 | 4146.4 ± 997.4 | <0.001 | 2852.0 ± 569.3 | <0.001 | 1240.8 ± 154.6 | 1318.4 ± 381.5 | 0.853 | 1109.6 ± 208.2 | 0.123 |
| T wave amplitude (mV) | 0.17 ± 0.06 | −0.36 ± 0.20 | <0.001 | 0.62 ± 0.17 | <0.001 | 0.28 ± 0.05§ | 0.29 ± 0.08 | 0.971 | 0.28 ± 0.09 | 1.000 |
| Tp-Te interval (ms) | 35.9 ± 4.3 | 46.9 ± 8.9 | 0.004 | 67.2 ± 13.6 | <0.001 | 46.2 ± 12.2§ | 48.7 ± 14.1 | 0.853 | 47.1 ± 10.6 | 0.739 |
compared to values at baseline 1.
compared to values at baseline 2.
significant difference compared to values at baseline 1 (p<0.05).