. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jul 29.

Published in final edited form as: Lancet Neurol. 2018 Sep 28;17(12):1053–1060. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30319-3

Table 2:

Features of recurrent ischaemic stroke in patients assessed with transthoracic or transoesophageal echocardiography, or both

	PFO detected	PFO not detected	p value
Patients with recurrent stroke	20	295	0·46

Topography
Deep only^*	6 (30%)	100 (34%)	0·44
All others^†	14 (70%)	158 (54%)	..

Subtype
ESUS	14 (70%)	144 (49%)	0·07
Non-ESUS	6 (30%)	151 (51%)	..

Outcome at 7 days or discharge
mRS ≤2	16 (80%)	182 (65%)	0·16
mRS >2	4 (20%)^‡	100 (35%)	..

Data are n or n (%), unless otherwise stated. PFO=patent foramen ovale. ESUS=embolic stroke of undetermined source. mRS=modified Rankin Scale score.

Subcortical only or brainstem only.

^†

Any cortical, any cerebellum, multiple, and so on.

^‡

Of the four patients with mRS >2, three occurred on rivaroxaban and one on aspirin.