Figure 1.

Glia-driven neuroinflammation may be initiated by both neuron injury (by DAMPs and ROS through PRRs, by ATP through mechanosensitive ion channels) and glaucoma-related insults, such as elevated intraocular pressure (through mechanosensitive ion channels). Thus, chronic tissue stress, neuron injury, glial and systemic immune responses, and sustained release of neurotoxic mediators create a vicious cycle that promotes further injury to retinal ganglion cells at different neuronal compartments.