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. 2019 Jul 29;9:11013. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-47307-0

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Wider Caribbean DHW temporal patterns and ENSO relationship. (a) 1.5 years smoothed mean of DHW (black line) and ONI (red line) time series. (b) Cross-wavelet showing the common power (color bar) and phases (arrows). Phases arrow direction represents decreases of ONI and increases in DHW (left); increase of ONI and increase in DHW (right). Black solid lines show the significance of cross-wavelet power at 95% confidence. The ‘cone of influence’ is represented by the white shadow; only results inside the cone of influence was ben considered and interpreted (outside the cone = high uncertainty). (c) cross-correlation between DHW-ONI at different time lags. Red bars represent significant positive correlation and blue bars represent significant negative correlation at 95% confidence.