Table 4.

Sensitivity analysis of results of risk of having a small-for-gestational-age neonate, corrected for misclassification of exposure, Little Rock, Arkansas, 2015–2017 (N=120 from Table 2, N=23 exposed to ENDS, and N=97 self-reported as unexposed)

Biomarker criteria versus self-report (type of users)	Source of estimates of sensitivity and specificity (n*)	Sensitivity of exposure	Specificity of exposure	Any ENDS current use risk ratio** ( 95% CI)
Self-report	This study	Naïve	Naïve	2.3 (0.9–5.6)
Hair nicotine ≥2.77 ng/mL (smokers/ENDS vs unexposed)	This study (76)	0.83	0.85	6.5 (2.5–15.0)
Hair nicotine ≥2.77 ng/mL (smokers vs passive non-smokers)	Kim (289)	0.84	0.82	8.5 (3.3–19.5)

^*Excludes secondhand exposure to smoke or aerosols from others for the reference category to estimate sensitivity and specificity.

^**The sensitivity and specificity of the outcome (SGA) measurement is assumed to be perfect (i.e. 1.0).