Fig. 1.

α-DR3 induces reduction of ILC3s in the large intestine independent of the adaptive immune system. Wild-type (a–f), Rag1^–/– mice (g–j), or Rag1^–/–Rorc^gfp/+ mice (o–r) were treated with α-DR3 antibody (4C12), and large intestinal lamina propria lymphocytes (LPLs) were isolated for analysis 4 days later. k–n Rag1^–/– mice were treated with 10 µg of the TL1A or control plasmid DNA through hydrodynamic injection, and large intestinal LPLs were isolated for analysis 4 days later. a–e, g–n Expression of RORγt, NKp46, GATA-3, IL-22, and Lineage markers (Lin, CD3, B220, CD11b, and CD11c) was analyzed by flow cytometry. Percentages of NKp46^–ILC3 (Lin^–NKp46^–RORγt⁺) (b, h, l), NCR⁺ILC3 (Lin^–NKp46⁺RORγt⁺) (c, I, m), ILC2 (Lin^–GATA3^high) (d), and ILC1 (Lin^–NKp46⁺RORγt^–) (d) gated on Lin^– cells are shown. e, g, n The total numbers of ILC3s in indicated groups are shown. j For detection of IL-22, large intestinal LPLs were treated with brefeldin A 2 h before cells were harvested for analysis by flow cytometry. Absolute numbers of IL-22⁺ILC3s (Lin^–RORγt⁺ IL-22⁺ cells) are shown. f mRNA expression of IL-22 in large intestinal LPLs was analyzed by real-time RT-PCR. o–r Expression of RORγt-GFP and DAPI in colon sections was analyzed by immunofluorescence. o Representative structures of cryptopatches are shown. p Numbers of crytopatches (CP) are shown. q Numbers of RORγt-GFP⁺ cells (ILC3s) per CPs were counted and shown. r Density of RORγt-GFP⁺ cells (ILC3s) per CPs was calculated and shown. The data are means ± SEM. a–r The data are representative of at least three independent experiments. Source data are provided as a Source Data File