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. 2019 Jul 29;9:10924. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-47422-y

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Evolution of corneal epithelial keratins in mammals. The presence (+) or absence (−) of functional orthologs of human corneal epithelial keratins K5, K14, K3, K12, and K24 was mapped onto a phylogenetic tree of mammals. Gene loss events were inferred from the distribution of functional genes and known relationships of species. Putative keratin heterodimers in the cornea are listed for each species. The scale bar beneath the timed phylogenetic tree indicates a period of 20 million years (MY).