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. 2019 Jul 29;9:10972. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-47287-1

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of fingolimod treatments on learning and memory on the Morris water maze task. (A) Overall across training trials, 5xFAD mice treated with fingolimod (doses from 0.03 to 1 mg/kg/day) had a lower average latency to find the submerged platform compared to untreated 5xFAD mice. One-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post hoc test revealed that WT mice showed more accurate learning than untreated 5xFADmice during days 2–6 of training. For 5xFAD mice treated with 0.03 mg/kg/day of fingolimod had a significantly lower escape latency on days 5 and 6 than untreated 5xFAD mice. During both memory probe trials performed 1.5 h and 24 h after the last training trial on day 6, 5xFAD mice treated with the 0.03 fingolimod dose spent significantly more time in the target quadrant where the platform used to be. (B) and similarly, 5xFAD mice from the 0.03 treatment condition crossed the area where the platform used to be significantly more times than untreated 5xFAD mice. (C) *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 compared to samples from untreated 5xFAD mice (0 mg/kg/day).