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. 2018 Jan 25;53(15):926–939. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-097885

Table 2.

Systematic review and characteristics of included studies selected for meta-analysis and relevant outcomes

Study Population Training programme Outcomes
Status Gender Age (year) Sample size Dropout (n) Duration (weeks) Comparison group (n) Average intensity (%HRmax) Days/week Session (min) SBP
(mm Hg)		 DBP
(mm Hg)		 RHR
(bpm)		 BW
(kg)		 LBM
(kg)		 FM
(kg)		 BMI
(kg/m2)		 CMJ
(cm)
Andersen et al 10 Type II diabetes M 49±2 21 3 24 CG (n=9) 83±2 1.5±0.9 60 FG: 1.1 ↓*
CG: 0.6 ↑		 FG: 0.7 ↑
CG: 0.8 ↑		 FG: 1.7 ↓*
CG: 0.1 ↓↑		 FG: 0.3 ↓
CG: 0.3 ↑
Andersen et al 23 Mild to moderate hypertension M 31–54 22 3 12 CG (n=9) 83 1.7±0.2 60 FG: 12 ↓*
CG: nc		 FG: 7↓*
CG: nc		 FG: 12 ↓*
CG: 1 ↑
Andersen et al 48 Healthy untrained F 36.5±8.2 47 0 16 RG (n=18)
CG (n=10)		 82 1.8 60 FG: 6 ↓*
RG: 5 ↓*
CG: nc		 FG: 4 ↓*
RG: 3 ↓*
CG: nc
Andersen et al 8 Untrained hypertensive M 31–54 31 10 26 CG (n=11) Not reported 1.7±0.1 60 FG: 12 ↓*
CG: 6 ↓		 FG: 8 ↓*
CG: 4 ↓		 FG: 8↓*
CG: 3 ↑
Andersen et al 12 Untrained elderly M 63–74 26 1 16 STG (n=9)
CG (n=8)		 84±1 1.6±0.1 60 FG: 1.8 ↑
RG: 1.7 ↑
CG: 1.2 ↓
Barene et al 27 Healthy hospital employees F 25–65 118 23 12 ZG (n=30)
CG (n=34)		 78.3±4.4 2.4±0.5 60 FG: 2 ↓
ZG: nc
CG: nc		 FG: nc
ZG: nc
CG: nc		 FG: 0.8 ↓
ZG: 0.8 ↓
CG: nc		 FG: 0.2 ↑
ZG: nc
CG: nc		 FG: 1.0 ↓*
ZG: 0.6 ↓
CG: 0.3 ↓		 FG: 0.3 ↓
ZG: 0.7 ↓*
CG: nc
Barene et al 26 Healthy hospital employees F 25–65 118 41 40 ZG (n=30)
CG (n=34)		 78.6±3.2 12 weeks: 2.4±0.5
28 weeks:  1.2±0.2		 60 FG: nc
ZG: 3 ↓
CG: nc		 FG: nc
ZG: nc
CG: nc		 FG: 1.1 ↓*
ZG: 2.1 ↓*
CG: nc		 FG: 0.1 ↑
ZG: 0.2 ↑
CG: nc		 FG: 1.2 ↓*
ZG: 1.3 ↓*
CG: 0.3 ↓		 FG: 0.3 ↓
ZG: 0.7 ↓*
CG: nc
Connolly et al 28 Healthy inactive F 20–45 66 22 16 VFG (n=21)
CG (n=24)		 85±5 2.0 15 FG: 2 ↑
VFG: 3 ↓
CG: 1 ↑		 FG: 1 ↑
VFG: 1 ↓
CG: nc		 FG: 4 ↓
VFG: 2 ↓
CG: 4 ↓		 FG: 0.7 ↓
VFG: 0.2 ↑
CG: nc		 FG: 0.7 ↑
VFG: 0.1 ↑
CG: nc		 FG: 1.4 ↓*
VFG: 0.3 ↑
CG: 0.2 ↓		 FG: 0.2 ↓
VFG: 0.1 ↑
CG: nc
Helge et al 40 Healthy untrained F 36.5±7.7 37 50 14 RG (n=16)
CG (n=9)		 83 1.8±0.3 60 FG: 6 ↓*
RG: 5 ↓*
CG: nc		 FG: 1.7 ↑*
RG: 1.7↑*
CG: nc
Helge et al 13 Homeless M 26–50 55 22 12 CG (n=10) Not reported 2.2±0.7 Not reported FG: 2.5 ↑*
CG: nc
Jakobsen et al 41 Healthy untrained M 21–45 49 0 12 STG (n=8)
HIRG (n=7)
RG (n=9)
CG (n=10)		 80 2.3 55 STG: 2.7 ↑*
FG: nc
HIRG: nc
RG: nc
CG: nc		 STG: 4.2 ↑*
FG: nc
HIRG: nc
RG: nc
CG: nc
Knoepfli-Lenzin et al 29 Untrained mild hypertension M 20–45 104 57 12 RG (n=15)
CG (n=17)		 79.9±4.5 2.4±0.2 59±2 FG: 11 ↓*
RG: 7 ↓*
CG: 7 ↓*		 FG: 9 ↓*
RG: 6 ↓*
CG: 4 ↓*		 FG: 7 ↓*
RG: 9 ↓*
CG: 6 ↓*		 FG: 1.6 ↓
RG: 1.6 ↓
CG: 0.2 ↓		 FG: 0.5 ↑
RG: nc
CG: 0.3 ↓		 FG: 2.0 ↓*
RG: 1.7 ↓*
CG:0.1 ↑
Krustrup et al 30 Healthy untrained F 19–47 28 6 68 RG (n=8)
CG (n=7)		 81±1 1.78 60 FG: 7 ↓
RG: 7 ↓
CG: 2 ↓		 FG: 4 ↓
RG: 3 ↓
CG: 2 ↓		 FG: 5 ↓*
RG: 6 ↓*
CG: nc		 FG: 0.3 ↑
RG: 0.2 ↑
CG: 0.7 ↓		 FG: 1.4 ↑*
RG: 1.3 ↑*
CG: 0.1 ↓		 FG: 1.4 ↓*
RG: 0.3 ↓
CG: 0.5↓
Krustrup et al 37 Healthy untrained F 19–47 53 12 16 RG (n=18)
CG (n=14)		 83 1.8 60 FG: 7 ↓
RG: 6 ↓
CG: nc		 FG: 4 ↓
RG: 3 ↓
CG: nc		 FG: 7 ↓*
RG: 7 ↓*
CG: 1 ↓		 FG: 0.3 ↓
RG: 0.7 ↓
CG: 0.2 ↓		 FG: 1.4 ↑*
RG: 1.3 ↑*
CG: 0.2 ↓		 FG: 1.2 ↓*
RG: 2.2 ↓*
CG: 0.9 ↓*		 FG: 0.3 ↓
RG: 0.7 ↓
CG: 0.2 ↓
Krustrup et al 5 Healthy untrained M 20–43 36 4 12 RG (n=12)
CG (n=11)		 82 2.3 60 FG: 8 ↓*
RG: 8 ↓*
CG: nc		 FG: 5 ↓*
RG: 5 ↓*
CG: nc		 FG: 6 ↓*
RG: 6 ↓*
CG: 1 ↑		 FG: 1.1 ↓*
RG: 1 ↓*
CG: 0.1 ↓		 FG: 1.7 ↑*
RG: 0.6 ↑
CG: 0.1 ↑		 FG: 2.7 ↓*
RG: 1.7 ↓*
CG: 0.3 ↓		 FG: 0.3 ↓
RG: 0.3 ↓
CG: nc
Krustrup et al 31 Untrained with mild hypertension M 30–55 43 10 26 CG (n=11) 85±7 1.7±0.5 60 FG: 13 ↓*
CG: 8 ↓*		 FG: 8 ↓*
CG: 3 ↓*		 FG: 8 ↓*
CG: 3 ↓		 FG: 0.2 ↑
CG: 0.2 ↑		 FG: 1.9 ↓*
CG: 0.9 ↓
Milanović et al 2 Non-athletic men M 20–40 69 5 12 RG (n=21)
CG (n=23)		 80 3.0 60 FG: 5.9 ↓*
RG: 5.7 ↓*
CG: 2.6 ↑*		 FG: 6.1 ↑*
RG: 5.8 ↑*
CG: 2.0 ↑*		 FG: 4.8 ↓*
RG: 4.6 ↓*
CG: 0.5 ↓		 FG: 1.8 ↓*
RG: 1.8 ↓*
CG: 0.8 ↑		 FG: 5.4 ↑*
RG: 1.3 ↑*
CG: 0.2 ↑
Mohr et al 9 Sedentary with mild hypertension F 40–50 42 1 15 CG (n=20) 80.5±1.1 3.0±0.1 60 FG: 12 ↓*
CG: nc		 FG: 6 ↓*
CG: nc		 FG: 7 ↓*
CG: 3 ↓		 FG: 1.4 ↓*
CG: 1.0 ↑*		 FG: 1.2 ↑*
CG: nc		 FG: 2.3↓*
CG: 0.4 ↑		 FG: 0.6 ↓*
CG: 0.3 ↑
Mohr et al 32 Premenopausal with mild hypertension F 40–52 83 0 15 HITS (n=21)
MODS (n=21)
CG (n=21)		 ~80 3.0±0.5 60 FG: 12 ↓*
HITS: 6 ↓*
MODS: 4 ↓*
CG: 1 ↓		 FG: 6 ↓*
HITS: 2 ↓
MODS: nc
CG: 1 ↓		 FG: 7 ↓*
HITS: 5 ↓*
MODS: 5 ↓*
CG: 1 ↑		 FG: 1.4 ↓*
HITS: 0.6 ↓
MODS: 1.4 ↓*
CG: 0.9 ↑		 FG: 1.2 ↑*
HITS: 1.7 ↑*
MODS: 1 ↑*
CG: 0.4 ↑		 FG: 2.3 ↓ *
HITS: 1.0 ↓*
MODS: 1.7 ↓*
CG: 0.4 ↑
Randers et al 24 Healthy untrained M 20–43 22 5 12+52 CG (n=7) 12 weeks: 81
52 weeks: 82		 12 weeks: 1.8–2.9
52 weeks: 0.9–1.6		 60 FG: 8 ↓*
CG: nc		 FG: 3 ↓
CG: nc		 FG: 6 ↓*
CG: 3 ↑		 FG: 1.4 ↓*
CG: 1.0 ↑*		 FG: 2.4 ↓*
CG: 0.1↓
Randers et al 25 Homeless M 27–47 55 23 12 CG (n=10) 82±4 2.8±0.8 60 FG: 4 ↓*
CG: 3 ↑		 FG: 0.9 ↓
CG: 0.6 ↑		 FG: 1.1 ↑*
CG: 0.4 ↑		 FG: 1.7 ↓*
CG: 0.6 ↑		 FG: 0.3 ↓
CG: 0.2 ↑
Schmidt et al 33 Untrained M 65–75 27 1 52 STG (n=9)
CG (n=8)		 Not reported 1.7±0.3 60 FG: 0.2 ↓
STG: 2 ↑
CG: nc		 FG: nc
STG: 1 ↑
CG: nc		 FG: 8 ↓*
STG: 2 ↓
CG: 2 ↓
Uth et al 11 Prostate cancer M 43–74 57 8 12 CG (n=28) 84.6±3.9 1.7±0.1 45–60 FG: 0.2↓
CG: 0.1↓		 FG: 0.9 ↑*
CG: 0.1↑		 FG: 0.2 ↓
CG: 0.1↓		 FG: 0.1↓
CG: 0.1↓		 FG: 1.1 ↑*
CG: 0.8 ↓*
Andersen et al
44 		Healthy elderly M 63–74 27 1 16+46 STG (n=9)
CG (n=8)		 ~80 1.7±0.3 60 FG: 2.3↓*
STG: 0.3↓
CG: 1.0↑		 FG: 0.6↓
STG: 0.9↑*
CG: 0.4↑		 FG: 1.8↓
STG: 1.0↓
CG: 0.1↓		 FG: 0.8 ↓*
STG: 0.1 ↓
CG: 0.3↑
Barene et al
42 		Healthy hospital employees F 25–63 107 41 ZG (n=37)
CG (n=35)		 78 2–3 60 FG: nc
ZG: 0.3 ↓
CG: nc
Hammami et al
34 		Postpubertal adolescent M 15.9±0.6 22 0 8 CG (n=11) 84.6 2 30–45 FG: 2↑
CG: 3↑		 FG: 3↓
CG: nc		 FG: 5↓
CG: 7↓
Krustrup et al
35 		Mildly hypertensive middle-aged F 45±5 41 10 52 CG (n=12) ~80 2.5±0.4 45–60 FG: 7↓*
CG: 3↑		 FG:4↓
CG: 4↑		 FG: 7↓
CG: 3↓		 FG: 2.5↓*
CG: 0.6↑		 FG: 2.6 ↑*
CG: 1.1↑		 FG: 3.2↓*
CG: 0.2↑
Seabra et al
38 		Overweight children M 8–12 17 0 26 CG (n=8) 78 4 60–90 FG: 7.7↑*
CG: 0.1↓
Seabra et al
36 		Overweight children M 8–12 90 2 26 TG (n=29)
CG (n=30)		 78 3 60–90 FG: 0.4↑
TG: 4.9↑
CG: 1.4↑		 FG: 3.9↓
TG: 4.8↓
CG: 1.8↑		 FG: 0.4↓
TG: 1.5↑
CG: 1.9↑		 FG: 1.5↑*
TG: 1.7↑*
CG: 1↑*		 FG: 1.3 ↓*
TG: 1.7 ↓*
CG: 2.4↑*		 FG: 0.2↓
TG: 0.1↓
CG: 0.2↑
Sundstrup et al
43 		Healthy elderly M 68.2±3.2 27 2 16+36 STG (n=9)
CG (n=8)		 ~80 2–3 45–60 FG: 5.8↑*
STG: 5.5↑
CG: 2.5 ↑
Uth et al
39 		Prostate cancer M 67±7 57 16 32 CG (n=28) 2–3 45–60 FG: 0.1↓
CG: 0.1↓		 FG: 0.2↓
CG: 0.1↓		 FG: 0.9↑
CG: 0.7↓

↑*, significant increase; ↑, increase; ↓*, significant decrease; ↓, decrease.

BMI, body mass index; bpm, beats per minute; BW, body weight; CG, control group; CMJ, countermovement jump; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; F, female; FG, football group; FM, fat mass; HIRG, high-intensity running group; HITS, high-intensity swimming group; HRmax, maximal heart rate; LBM, lean body mass; M, male; MODS, moderate-intensity swimming group; nc, no changes; RG, running group; RHR, resting heart rate; SBP, systolic blood pressure; STG, strength training group; TG, traditional activity group; VFG, vibration strength group; ZG, Zumba group.