Table 3.

Systematic review and overall observed effects for metabolic parameters

Study	Population							Training programme				Outcomes
	Status	Gender	Age (year)	Sample size	Dropout (n)	Duration (weeks)	Comparison group (n)	Average intensity (%HRmax)	Days/week	Session (min)	LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	Plasma triglycerides (mmol/L)	Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	Blood glucose (mmol/L)	Glucose tolerance (mmol/L)
Andersen et al 10	Type II diabetes	M	49±2	21	3	24	CG (n=9)	83±2	1.5±0.9	60					FG: 1.0 ↓* CG: 0.9 ↑
Andersen et al 23	Mild to moderate hypertension	M	31–54	22	3	12	CG (n=9)	83	1.7±0.2	60	FG: nc CG: nc	FG: nc CG: 0.1↓	FG: 0.2 ↑ CG: nc	FG: nc* CG: 0.5 ↓
Barene et al 26	Healthy hospital employees	F	25–65	118	41	40	ZG (n=30) CG (n=34)	78.6±3.2	12 weeks: 2.4±0.5 28 weeks: 1.2±0.2	60	FG: 0.1↓ ZG: 0.2↓ CG: nc	FG: nc ZG: nc CG: nc	FG: nc ZG: 0.1↑ CG: nc	FG: nc ZG: 0.2↓ CG: nc	FG: 0.1 ↑ ZG: 0.2 ↓ CG: nc
Krustrup et al 30	Healthy untrained	F	19–47	28	6	68	RG (n=8) CG (n=7)	81±1	1.78	60	FG: 0.2 ↓ RG: nc CG: 0.1 ↑	FG: 0.1 ↑ RG: 0.1 ↑ CG: 0.1 ↑	FG: 0.06 ↓ RG: 0.06 ↑ CG: 0.05 ↑	FG: 0.1 ↓ RG: 0.1 ↓ CG: 0.2 ↑	FG: nc RG: 0.4 ↓ CG: 0.1 ↑	FG: 0.1 ↓ RG: 0.3 ↓ CG: 0.3 ↑
Krustrup et al 37	Healthy untrained	F	19–47	53	12	16	RG (n=18) CG (n=14)	83	1.8	60					FG: 0.1 ↓ RG: nc CG: 0.3 ↓
Krustrup et al 5	Healthy untrained	M	20–43	36	4	12	RG (n=12) CG (n=11)	82	2.3	60	FG: 0.4 ↓ RG: 0.1 ↓ CG: nc	FG: 0.1↑ RG: 0.1↑ CG: 0.1↑		FG: 0.2 ↓ RG: 0.3 ↓ CG: nc
Krustrup et al 31	Untrained with mild hypertension	M	30–55	43	10	26	CG (n=11)	85±7	1.7±0.5	60	FG: 0.3 ↓ CG: 0.3 ↑	FG: 0.1 ↓ CG: 0.1 ↑			FG: nc CG: 0.3 ↓
Mohr et al 9	Sedentary with mild hypertension	F	35–50	42	1	15	CG (n=20)	80.5±1.1	3.0±0.1	60	FG: nc CG: nc	FG: nc CG: nc	FG: 0.2 ↓ CG: 0.3 ↑	FG: 0.4 ↓ CG: 0.1 ↑
Randers et al 24	Healthy untrained	M	20–43	22	5	12+52	CG (n=7)	12 weeks: 81 52 weeks: 82	12 weeks: 1.8–2.9 52 weeks: 0.9–1.6	60	FG: 0.2 ↓ CG: 0.2 ↑	FG: 0.1 ↑ CG: nc	FG: 0.2 ↓ CG: 0.2 ↓	FG: nc CG: 0.1 ↑	FG: 0.2 ↓ CG: nc	FG: 0.2 ↓ CG: 0.2 ↓
Randers et al 25	Homeless	M	27–47	55	23	12	CG (n=10)	82±4	2.8±0.8	60	FG: 0.4 ↓* CG: 0.1 ↑	FG: nc CG: 0.1 ↓	FG: 0.08 ↑ CG: 0.1 ↑	FG: 0.1 ↓ CG: 0.1 ↑	FG: 0.1 ↑ CG: 0.2 ↓
Andersen et al 44	Healthy elderly	M	63–74	27	1	16+46	STG (n=9) CG (n=8)	~80	1.7±0.3	60	FG: nc STG: 0.2 ↑ CG: 0.1↑	FG: 0.2 ↑ STG: 0.3↑ CG: nc	FG: nc STG: 0.1 ↑ CG: 0.2 ↑	FG: 0.5 ↓ STG: 0.5↓ CG: 0.1↓	FG: nc STG: 0.1↑ CG: 0.2↑	FG: 0.1↓ STG: 0.4 ↑ CG: nc
Krustrup et al 35	Mildly hypertensive middle-aged	F	45±5	41	10	52	CG (n=12)	~80	2.5±0.4	45–60	FG: 0.1 ↓* CG: 0.3 ↑	FG: 0.2 ↑* CG: 0.2 ↓	FG: 0.1 ↓* CG: 0.2 ↑	FG: nc CG: 0.5 ↑	FG: 0.3 ↑ CG: 0.2 ↑

↑*, significant increase; ↑, increase; ↓*, significant decrease; ↓, decrease.

CG, control group; F, female; FG, football group; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HRmax, maximal heart rate; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; M, male; nc, no changes; RG, running group; STG, strength training group; ZG, Zumba group.