Table 5.

Effect of recreational football on resting heart rate and muscular fitness with modifying effects for type of control group, gender, age, length of training intervention and training frequency

	Resting heart rate (beats/min)			Muscular fitness, CMJ (cm)
	Effect size (95% CI)	±95% CL	Magnitude-based inference	Effect size (95% CI)	±95% CL	Magnitude-based inference
Type of control
No exercises	6.03 (4.43 to 7.46)	2.0	Most likely extremely largely beneficial	2.27 (1.29 to 3.25)	0.7	Most likely very largely beneficial
Running group	0.57 (−1.48 to 2.62)	2.2	Unclear	0.28 (−1.05 to 1.61)	1.4	Unclear
Zumba group				−1.06 (−3.40 to 1.28)	2.5	Possibly moderately harmful
Gender
Male	5.06 (2.48 to 7.64)	1.7	Most likely extremely largely beneficial	1.48 (0.20 to 2.75)	1.2	Very likely largely beneficial
Female	2.95 (0.76 to 5.14)	2.1	Very likely very largely beneficial	0.63 (−0.72 to 1.97)	1.4	Unclear
Age (years)
18–45	3.19 (0.95 to 5.43)	2.1	Very likely very largely beneficial	0.92 (−1.07 to 2.77)	0.7	Unclear
45–65	5.66 (2.14 to 9.18)	3.2	Most likely extremely largely beneficial	−0.01 (−1.03 to 1.01)	1.0	Unlikely trivially harmful
>65	6.00 (4.34 to 7.66)	2.4	Most likely extremely largely beneficial	1.63 (0.48 to 2.78)	2.7	Very likely largely beneficial
Length of training intervention
≤12 weeks	1.99 (−2.09 to 6.08)	4.3	Unclear	0.09 (−1.86 to 2.03)	2.1	Unclear
>12 weeks	4.70 (2.76 to 6.65)	1.5	Most likely extremely largely beneficial	1.72 (0.77 to 2.66)	0.6	Most likely largely beneficial
Training frequency
≤2 weeks	4.58 (2.10 to 7.07)	1.5	Most likely extremely largely beneficial	1.56 (0.00 to 3.12)	1.6	Likely largely beneficial
>2 weeks	3.36 (1.13 to 5.59)	2.0	Very likely very largely beneficial	1.05 (−0.15 to 2.25)	1.2	Likely moderately beneficial

95%CI, Confidence interval at 95%; ±95%CL, Confidence limit at 95%.