Table 2. Characteristics of studies describing second-line ART failure among patients on treatment follow-up in sub-Saharan Africa.

References	Year of publication	Study design	Study setting	Patient groups	Second-line regimen	Sample size	Number with TF	PYs of follow-up
Adetunji et al [25]	2013	RFU	Nigeria	Adults	PI/r-based	225	34	225
Akanmu et al [42]	2015	RFU	Nigeria	Adults	LPV/r-based	318	25	636
Berhanu et al [43]	2014	RFU	South Africa	Adults	PI-based	372	129	465
Boender et al [19]	2016	FU	Zambia, South Africa, Kenya, Uganda, Zimbabwe and Nigeria	Adults	PI-based	227	32	227
Boerma et al [22]	2017	FU	Uganda	Children	PI-based	60	12	120
Castelnuovo et al [40]	2009	FU	Uganda	Adults	LPV/r-based	40	7	120
Ciaffi et al [44]	2015	FU	Cameroon, Senegal and Burkina Faso	Adults	PI/r-based	451	5	451
Collier et al [45]	2017	FU	South Africa	Adults	LPV/r-based	101	23	202
Court et al [46]	2014	RFU	South Africa	Adults	PI-based	228	26	228
Evans et al [23]	2018	RFU	South Africa	Adults	PI-based	128	50	192
Evans et al [47]	2018	RFU	South Africa	Adults	PI-based	719	36	1438
Fox et al [49]	2010	FU	South Africa	Adults	PI-based	262	59	262
Fox et al [48]	2016	FU	South Africa	Adults	LPV/r-based	388	106	446.6
Garone et al [62]	2013	FU	South Africa	Mixed-age groups	PI-based	40	7	30
Hosseinipour et al [63]	2010	FU	Malawi	Mixed-age groups	LPV/r-based	101	15	101
Johnston et al [50]	2014	FU	South Africa	Adults	PI-based	122	39	518.75
Johnston et al [51]	2012	FU	South Africa	Adults	LPV/r-based	417	43	152.5
Levison et al [52]	2012	RFU	South Africa	Adults	LPV/r-based	322	43	268.3
Murphy et al [27]	2012	FU	South Africa	Adults	LPV/r-based	136	26	136
Musiime et al [61]	2013	FU	Uganda	Children	LPV/r-based	142	55	142
Ongubo et al [53]	2017	RFU	Malawi	Adults	ATV/r-based	376	35	282
Onyedum et al [54]	2013	RFU	Nigeria	Adults	LPV/r-based	68	12	68
Paton et al [55]	2014	FU	Five countries in SSA	Adults	LPV/r-based	379	35	758
Paton et al [56]	2017	FU	Malawi, Uganda, Zimbabwe and Kenya	Adults	LPV/r-based	336	45	1008
Pujades et al [6]	2010	FU	Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Uganda, Zambia	Mixed-age groups	PI-based	493	91	493
Rawizza et al [41]	2013	RFU	Nigeria	Mixed-age groups	PI-based	6714	673	3357
Schoffelen et al [64]	2013	RFU	South Africa	Mixed-age groups	PI-based	191	48	318.3
Shearer et al [57]	2017	RFU	South Africa	Adults	PI-based	927	233	927
Sigaloff et al [24]	2012	FU	Uganda, South Africa, Kenya, Nigeria, Zambia and Zimbabwe	Adults	PI/r-based	232	63	232
Tsegaye et al [34]	2016	RFU	Ethiopia	Adults	PI-based	356	67	712
Van Zyl et al [58]	2011	CS	South Africa	Adults	LPV/r-based	93	37	93
Wandeler et al [59]	2014	FU	South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe	Adults	PI-based	1256	122	3495
Wandeler et al [60]	2012	FU	Zambia and South Africa	Adults	LPV/r-based	2330	240	1884
Total						18, 550	2, 473	19, 988.45

Note: CS, cross sectional; FU, follow-up; RFU, retrospective follow-up; ATV/r, ritonavir-boosted atazanavir; PI/r, ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor; LPV/r, ritonavir-boosted lopinavir; PI, protease inhibitor; PYs, Person-years of follow-up; TF, treatment failure; SSA, sub-Saharan Africa.