Table 3. Risk factors associated with albuminuria progression.
| Parameters | Albuminuria progression | P- value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (-) (n = 768) |
(+) (n = 180) |
||
| Age (years) | 56.5±10.6 | 57.4±12.0 | 0.328 |
| Male (%) | 47.4% | 40.0% | 0.081 |
| Hypertension (%) | 46.9% | 52.3% | 0.206 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.1±3.5 | 25.2±3.6 | 0.75 |
| DM duration (years) | 7.7±6.9 | 9.2±7.4 | 0.008 |
| ACEi or ARB (%) | 391 (50.9) | 122 (67.8) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.5±1.7 | 8.2±2.2 | <0.001 |
| Cr at baseline (mg/dL) | 0.92±0.21 | 0.98±0.26 | 0.006 |
| eGFR at baseline (mL/min/1.73m2) | 82.3±17.5 | 76.7±20.1 | 0.001 |
| UACR at baseline (mg/g) | 13.6 [7.4, 27.4] | 18.5 [10.1, 28.5] | 0.014 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.5±1.7 | 13.3±1.5 | 0.127 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 163.8±34.0 | 164.0±35.2 | 0.941 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 4.5±0.4 | 4.4±0.4 | 0.198 |
| DR at baseline (%) No DR NPDR PDR |
76.6% 18.9% 4.6% |
55.0% 30.0% 15.0% |
<0.001 |
| DR progression (%) | 13.9% | 18.8% | 0.148 |
BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus; ACEi, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; UACR, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio; DR, diabetic retinopathy; NPDR, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy; PDR, proliferative diabetic retinopathy