Table 3. Standardized coefficients (β) for hierarchical multiple linear regression models for PCL-C, RS, and WHOQOL dimensions as outcomes, using RS, PCL-C, and personality traits as predictors, controlling for sex, exposure, and current psychiatric treatment.
| PCL-C | RS | Q1 | Q2 | PHYS | PSYCH | SOCIAL | ENVIR | SRPB | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Step 1 | |||||||||
| F | 11.21*** | 5.30** | 9.05*** | 0.19*** | 11.29*** | 11.73*** | 3.65* | 3.46* | 5.15** |
| R2 | .16 | .08 | .18 | .19 | .21 | .22 | .08 | .08 | .11 |
| Sex | .01 | -.19* | -.14 | -.02 | -.22* | -.20 | -.04 | -.24* | -.17 |
| Exposure | .00 | .08 | -.13 | .36** | .00 | .09 | .05 | -.02 | .08 |
| Current treatment | .42*** | -.11 | -.34** | -.12 | -.32** | -.29** | -.24* | -.09 | -.16 |
| Step 2 | |||||||||
| ΔF | 27.03*** | 27.03*** | 15.04*** | 16.07*** | 56.64*** | 73.51*** | 23.26*** | 17.34*** | 13.52*** |
| ΔR2 | .12 | .14 | .16 | .17 | .38 | .42 | .25 | .20 | .16 |
| Sex | -.06 | -.19* | .04 | .04 | -.14 | -.11 | .02 | -.19 | -.12 |
| Exposure | .03 | .08 | .16 | .37** | -.01 | .07 | .04 | -.01 | .07 |
| Current treatment | .38*** | .06 | -.17 | .03 | -.08 | -.05 | -.04 | .10 | -.02 |
| PCL-C | - | -.41*** | -.40*** | -.34** | -.46*** | -.46*** | -.41*** | -.41*** | -.25* |
| RS | -.37*** | - | .07 | .17* | .32*** | .37*** | .23* | .15 | .26* |
| Step 3 | |||||||||
| ΔF | 13.77*** | 6.18*** | 2.53* | 0.53 | 1.69 | 3.14** | 2.51* | 2.00 | 4.41*** |
| ΔR2 | .28 | .18 | .09 | .02 | .04 | .06 | .09 | .08 | .15 |
| Sex | -.09 | .01 | -0.3 | -.02 | -.17 | -.07 | -.05 | -.13 | -.13 |
| Exposure | .06 | -.03 | .16 | .38*** | -.03 | .04 | .04 | -.04 | .03 |
| Current treatment | .28*** | -.02 | -.19* | .03 | -.12 | -.11 | -.09 | .06 | -.09 |
| PCL-C | - | -.14 | -.48*** | -.36** | -.38*** | -.32** | -.30* | -.24* | -.26* |
| RS | -.10 | - | .02 | .17 | .25 | .25** | .17 | .04 | .14 |
| NS | -.09 | -.08 | .06 | .02 | .02 | .03 | .11 | -.05 | .13 |
| HA | .34*** | -.38** | .29* | .17 | .05 | -.06 | .10 | -.04 | .11 |
| RD | -.04 | .03 | .05 | .06 | .09 | -.01 | .12 | -.02 | .05 |
| P | .03 | .04 | .13 | -.02 | .00 | .01 | .13 | .05 | .01 |
| SD | -.28** | .20* | .22 | .11 | .23* | .27** | .18 | .34** | .25 |
| C | -.01 | -.03 | -0.2 | .02 | -.02 | .02 | .10 | -.02 | .01 |
| ST | .24** | .18* | .23** | .06 | .07 | .09 | .03 | .02 | .35** |
β means how many standard deviations the outcome variable will change, per standard deviation increase in the predictor variable, when all other variables remain constant.
PCL-C: Posttraumatic checklist—civilian version; RS: Resilience Scale; NS: novelty seeking; HA: harm avoidance; RD: reward dependence; P: persistence; SD: self-directedness; C: cooperativeness; ST: self-transcendence. Q1: general quality of life (QoL); Q2: health-related QoL; PHYS: physical QoL; PSYCH: psychological QoL; SOCIAL: social QoL; ENVIR: environment QoL; SRPB: spirituality, religiousness, personal beliefs (spiritual QoL).
* p < .05
** p < .01
***p < .001. All p-values correspond to the 95% bias corrected and accelerated confident intervals. Bold values are statistically significant.