Table 2:

Fitted Models for SIM2

Model	Description	# Par.	Dropped Parameters	Extra Parameters
Correct Model
M1	Correct model	35
Misspecified Measurement Models
M2	Drop 1 cross loading	34	λ61
M3	Drop 2 cross loadings	33	λ61, λ11,2
M4	Drop 3 cross loadings	32	λ61, λ11,2, λ10,3
M5	Drop cross-loadings; add correlated errors	34	λ11,2, λ10,3	θ10,11
M6	Correlated errors	36		θ10,11
M7	Switch factor loadings	35	λ21, λ72	λ71, λ22
Misspecified Structural Models
M8	Add double-lagged effect	36		γ31
M9	Add correlated errors and double-lagged effect	37		θ10,11, γ31
M10	No relations among η’s	33	β21, β32
M11	Two latent variables (remove η3)	31	λ62, λ10,3, λ11,3, λ13,3, λ14,3, λ15,3, β32, ψ33	λ12,2, λ13,2, λ14,2, λ15,2
M12	Four latent variables (add η4)	37	λ61, λ92, λ10,2, λ11,2, λ13,3, λ14,3, λ15,3,	λ42, λ52, λ83, λ12,3, λ11,4, λ12,4, λ14,4, λ15,4, β43, ψ44