Table 2.
Associations between sociodemographic factors and norovirus positivity among hospitalized patients with gastroenteritis a.
| Norovirus positive, n (%) | Norovirus negative, n (%) | Pb | Unadjusted OR (95% CI)e |
Adjusted OR (95% CI)f | P j | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 138 | 1021 | ||||
| Age (months)c | df = 4 | <0.001 | df = 4 | df = 4 | 0.001 | |
| 0–5 | 26 (19.0%) | 278 (27.3%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| 6–11 | 55 (40.1%) | 246 (24.1%) | 2.39 (1.45–3.93) | 2.49 (1.45–4.26) | 0.001 | |
| 12–17 | 32 (23.4%) | 209 (20.5%) | 1.64 (0.95–2.83) | 1.56 (0.85–2.84) | 0.14 | |
| 18–23 | 15 (10.9%) | 124 (12.2%) | 1.29 (0.66–2.52) | 1.23 (0.59–2.56) | 0.5 | |
| 24–59 | 9 (6.6%) | 162 (15.9%) | 0.59 (0.27–1.30) | 0.64 (0.28–1.44) | 0.2 | |
| Missing | 1 (0.7%) | 2 (0.2%) | ||||
| Sex | 0.052 | |||||
| Males | 84 (61.3%) | 536 (52.5%) | 1.43 (1.00–2.07) | 1.61 (1.08–2.40) | 0.018 | |
| Females | 53 (38.7%) | 485 (47.5%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Missing | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (%) | ||||
| Population group | 0.004 | |||||
| Jews | 105 (76.1%) | 648 (63.5%) | 1.83 (1.21–2.76) | 1.83 (1.20–2.79) | 0.005 | |
| Arabs | 33 (23.9%) | 373 (36.5%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Residential socioeconomic rank d | df = 2 | 0.026 | df = 2 | df = 2 | 0.044 | |
| Low (1–4) | 37 (29.8%) | 389 (42.4%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Intermediate (5–6) | 65 (54.0%) | 435 (47.0%) | 1.57 (1.03–2.41) | 1.49 (0.96–2.31) | 0.072 | |
| High (7–10) | 20 (16.1%) | 101 (10.9%) | 2.08 (1.16–3.74) | 2.08 (1.14–3.81) | 0.018 | |
| Missing | 16 (11.5%) | 96 (9.4%) |
aThis analysis is based on 1159 children (138 positive for norovirus and 1021 negative for norovirus). Each child was included only once in this analysis. For children with recurrent hospitalizations, we analyzed data of the first hospitalization in which the child was tested for norovirus.
bP obtained by chi-square test. cdf = degrees of freedom, P for trend = 0.12, dP for trend = 0.007.
eOdds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
fAdjusted for the variables in the table. The variables population group and socioeconomic rank were highly correlated (Phi coefficient 0.84, P < 0.001), therefore they were included in separate models. jP obtained from multivariable logistic regression models.