Table 1.
Characteristics of patients. Unless otherwise specified, values represent numbers with percentage in parentheses.
| Initially pulseless | Bradycardia with pulselessness | Bradycardia without pulselessness | Total | P-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 2793 | n = 869 | n = 1930 | n = 5592 | ||
| Patient characteristics | |||||
| Median age (IQR), years | 2.3 (0.6, 11.0) | 1.1 (0.4, 6.0) | 0.6 (0.3, 2.0) | 1.0 (0.3, 7.0) | <0.001 |
| Age groups | <0.001 | ||||
| <1 year | 959 (34.3%) | 381 (43.8%) | 1160 (60.1%) | 2500 (44.7%) | |
| 1-12 years | 1272 (45.5%) | 382 (44.0%) | 655 (33.9%) | 2309 (41.3%) | |
| >12 years | 562 (20.1%) | 106 (12.2%) | 115 (6.0%) | 783 (14.0%) | |
| Female | 1249 (44.7%) | 403 (46.4%) | 871 (45.1%) | 2523 (45.1%) | 0.69 |
| Race | 0.08 | ||||
| White | 1522 (54.5%) | 448 (51.6%) | 1024 (53.1%) | 2994 (53.5%) | |
| Black | 706 (25.3%) | 215 (24.7%) | 491 (25.4%) | 1412 (25.3%) | |
| Other | 267 (9.6%) | 86 (9.9%) | 164 (8.5%) | 517 (9.2%) | |
| Unknown | 298 (10.7%) | 120 (13.8%) | 251 (13.0%) | 669 (12.0%) | |
| Illness category | <0.001 | ||||
| Medical, cardiac | 557 (20.0%) | 169 (19.5%) | 319 (16.5%) | 1045 (18.7%) | |
| Medical, non-cardiac | 1462 (52.4%) | 461 (53.1%) | 996 (51.6%) | 2919 (52.2%) | |
| Surgical, cardiac | 492 (17.6%) | 148 (17.1%) | 344 (17.8%) | 984 (17.6%) | |
| Surgical, noncardiac | 253 (9.1%) | 76 (8.8%) | 239 (12.4%) | 568 (10.2%) | |
| Other/missing | 29 (1.0%) | 15 (1.6%) | 32 (1.6%) | 76 (1.3%) | |
| Pre-existing conditions | |||||
| Heart failure prior to admission | 301 (10.8%) | 91 (10.5%) | 161 (8.3%) | 553 (9.9%) | 0.02 |
| Hypotension | 883 (31.6%) | 271 (31.2%) | 399 (20.7%) | 1553 (27.8%) | <0.001 |
| Respiratory insufficiency | 1580 (56.6%) | 548 (63.1%) | 1303 (67.5%) | 3431 (61.4%) | <0.001 |
| Renal insufficiency | 329 (11.8%) | 102 (11.7%) | 143 (7.4%) | 574 (10.3%) | <0.001 |
| Hepatic insufficiency | 141 (5.0%) | 52 (6.0%) | 93 (4.8%) | 286 (5.1%) | 0.42 |
| Metabolic or electrolyte abnormality | 480 (17.2%) | 150 (17.3%) | 200 (10.4%) | 830 (14.8%) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 54 (1.9%) | 14 (1.6%) | 9 (0.5%) | 77 (1.4%) | <0.001 |
| Baseline depression in CNS function | 492 (17.6%) | 135 (15.5%) | 277 (14.4%) | 904 (16.2%) | 0.009 |
| Pneumonia | 284 (10.2%) | 106 (12.2%) | 219 (11.3%) | 609 (10.9%) | 0.18 |
| Septicemia | 442 (15.8%) | 175 (20.1%) | 253 (13.1%) | 870 (15.6%) | <0.001 |
| Metastatic or hematologic malignancy | 218 (7.8%) | 64 (7.4%) | 61 (3.2%) | 343 (6.1%) | <0.001 |
| Interventions in place at time of arrest | |||||
| Mechanical ventilation* | 1575 (56.4%) | 546 (62.8%) | 1221 (63.3%) | 3342 (59.8%) | <0.001 |
| Vasopressor | 891 (31.9%) | 305 (35.1%) | 434 (22.5%) | 1630 (29.1%) | <0.001 |
| Cardiac monitoring | 2340 (83.8%) | 808 (93.0%) | 1775 (92.0%) | 4923 (88.0%) | <0.001 |
| Pulse oximetry | 2363 (84.6%) | 806 (92.8%) | 1799 (93.2%) | 4968 (88.8%) | <0.001 |
| Dialysis | 97 (3.5%) | 35 (4.0%) | 37 (1.9%) | 169 (3.0%) | 0.001 |
P-value is a global chi-squared goodness-of-fit test for categorical comparisons or the Kruskal Wallis test for the continuous variables. A P-value below 0.05 indicates that the distribution of a given variable was significantly different across the three groups.
*
An additional 358 patients had invasive airway without being reported as being on mechanical ventilation