. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Aug 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2019 Mar 26;20(8):1054.e1–1054.e9. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2019.02.012

Table 2.

The risk of dementia based on the presence of Affective, Hyperactivity, and Psychotic symptoms (n=8,530).

Symptom-cluster at baseline	Individually-evaluated effect^a		Mutually-adjusted effect^b
	HR	P-value	HR	P-value
	(95% CI)		(95% CI)
Presence of Hyperactivity symptoms	1.3 (1.1–1.5)	<0.001	1.1 (0.9–1.3)	0.364
Presence of Affective symptoms	1.7 (1.5–2.0)	<0.001	1.6 (1.4–1.9)	<0.001
Presence of Psychotic symptoms	1.8 (1.3–2.5)	<0.001	1.6 (1.2–2.2)	0.004

HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.

Only one symptom-cluster was included in the model at a time. In other words, three separate models of cox regression were evaluated, each including only one of the symptom-clusters (either Hyperactivity, Affective or Psychotic symptoms). The models also adjusted for baseline covariates of age, sex, ethnicity, years of education, first-degree family member with cognitive impairment, Mini-Mental State Examination score, subtypes of mild cognitive impairment, recruitment sites, year of recruitment, and whether the diagnosis was made via consensus conference.

The three symptom-clusters were concurrently included in the model to evaluate their mutually-adjusted effects. In other words, a cox regression was conducted by including the three symptom-clusters, as well as adjusting for the baseline confounders (age, sex, ethnicity, years of education, first-degree family member with cognitive impairment, Mini-Mental State Examination score, subtypes of mild cognitive impairment, recruitment sites, year of recruitment, and whether the diagnosis was made via consensus conference).