Table 3.
Association between adiposity measures and risk of prostate cancer among men in the AGES-Reykjavik Study, 2002-2015
| Total prostate cancer | High-grade prostate cancer | Advanced prostate cancer | Fatal prostate cancer | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Events/ Total |
Age-adjusted HR (95% CI)1 |
Fully-adjusted HR (95% CI)2 |
Events/ Total |
Age-adjusted HR (95% CI)1 |
Fully-adjusted HR (95% CI)2 |
Events/ Total |
Age-adjusted HR (95% CI)1 |
Fully-adjusted HR (95% CI)2 |
Events/ Total |
Age-adjusted HR (95% CI)1 |
Fully-adjusted HR (95% CI)2 |
|
| CT imaging of fat depots | ||||||||||||
| Abdominal visceral, per 1 SD increase | 172/1832 | 1.02 (0.88, 1.19) |
1.02 (0.88, 1.19) |
43/1832 | 1.01 (0.75, 1.37) |
0.98 (0.72, 1.33) |
41/1832 | 1.31 (0.99, 1.74) |
1.31 (1.00, 1.72) |
31/1832 | 1.21 (0.86, 1.71) |
1.24 (0.89, 1.73) |
| Abdominal subcutaneous, per 1 SD increase | 172/1832 | 0.96 (0.82, 1.12) |
0.97 (0.83, 1.13) |
43/1832 | 1.02 (0.76, 1.38) |
1.02 (0.76, 1.38) |
41/1832 | 1.17 (0.87, 1.57) |
1.22 (0.91, 1.63) |
31/1832 | 1.18 (0.84, 1.66) |
1.26 (0.89, 1.78) |
| Thigh intermuscular, per 1 SD increase | 172/1832 | 0.91 (0.78, 1.07) |
0.91 (0.78, 1.08) |
43/1832 | 0.92 (0.67, 1.27) |
0.92 (0.66, 1.27) |
41/1832 | 1.00 (0.73, 1.36) |
1.02 (0.75, 1.40) |
31/1832 | 1.22 (0.88, 1.70) |
1.27 (0.91, 1.78) |
| Thigh subcutaneous, per 1 SD increase | 172/1832 | 1.01
(0.87, 1.18) |
1.02
(0.88, 1.19) |
43/1832 | 1.14
(0.87, 1.50) |
1.14
(0.86, 1.50) |
41/1832 | 1.21
(0.92, 1.59) |
1.25
(0.95, 1.64) |
31/1832 | 1.29
(0.94, 1.77) |
1.37
(1.00, 1.88) |
| Bioelectric impedance analysis | ||||||||||||
| Total fat mass, per 1 SD increase | 132/1425 | 1.00 (0.84, 1.19) |
0.98 (0.83, 1.18) |
35/1425 | 1.01 (0.72, 1.41) |
0.98 (0.69, 1.40) |
32/1425 | 1.17 (0.83, 1.65) |
1.17 (0.83, 1.67) |
25/1425 | 1.15 (0.77, 1.72) |
1.17 (0.78, 1.75) |
| Percent fat, per 1 SD increase | 132/1425 | 1.00
(0.84, 1.19) |
0.99
(0.83, 1.18) |
35/1425 | 1.05
(0.75, 1.49) |
1.03
(0.73, 1.46) |
32/1425 | 1.20
(0.84, 1.71) |
1.19
(0.83, 1.69) |
25/1425 | 1.20
(0.79, 1.81) |
1.20
(0.80, 1.81) |
| Anthropometric measurements | ||||||||||||
| BMI, per 5 kg/m2 increase | 172/1832 | 1.01 (0.82, 1.24) |
1.01 (0.82, 1.24) |
43/1832 | 1.05 (0.71, 1.58) |
1.02 (0.67, 1.53) |
41/1832 | 1.45 (0.98, 2.16) |
1.52 (1.02, 2.27) |
31/1832 | 1.46 (0.91, 2.34) |
1.56 (0.97, 2.53) |
| BMI <25 kg/m2 | 56/579 | 1 | 1 | 12/579 | 1 | 1 | 10/579 | 1 | 1 | 7/579 | 1 | 1 |
| 25≤BMI<30 kg/m2 | 81/899 | 0.86 (0.61, 1.21) |
0.84 (0.59, 1.19) |
22/899 | 1.05 (0.52, 2.12) |
0.96 (0.47, 1.96) |
18/899 | 1.14 (0.53, 2.48) |
1.19 (0.54, 2.61) |
16/899 | 1.53 (0.63, 3.73) |
1.68 (0.68, 4.14) |
| BMI ≥30 kg/m2 | 35/354 | 0.94 (0.61, 1.44) |
0.95 (0.62, 1.46) |
9/354 | 1.06 (0.44, 2.53) |
1.00 (0.42, 2.43) |
13/354 | 2.18 (0.95, 5.03) |
2.54 (1.08, 6.00) |
8/354 | 2.11 (0.76, 5.87) |
2.59 (0.90, 7.45) |
| WC, per 1 SD increase | 172/1832 | 1.01 (0.87, 1.17) |
1.02 (0.87, 1.19) |
43/1832 | 0.97 (0.72, 1.32) |
0.95 (0.69, 1.31) |
41/1832 | 1.32 (0.98, 1.77) |
1.40 (1.04, 1.89) |
31/1832 | 1.31 (0.92, 1.86) |
1.45 (1.01, 2.07) |
HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; BMI: Body mass index; WC: Waist circumference.
Unless otherwise noted, continuous adiposity measures were modeled per 1 standard deviation (SD) increase. The adiposity measures and corresponding 1 SD increments are: abdominal visceral fat (85.7 cm2), abdominal subcutaneous fat (85.6 cm2), thigh intermuscular (16.0 cm2), thigh subcutaneous (39.2 cm2), total fat mass (6.8 kg), percent fat (5.3%), waist circumference (10.3 cm)
Adjusted for age at study entry (continuous).
Additionally adjusted for the following variables, measured at study entry: family history of prostate cancer (yes, no), smoking status (never, former, current), education (primary/secondary, college/university), physical activity (≤3 hours/week, ≥4 hours/week), and physician visit over past 12 months (yes, no). Models for fat depots and waist circumference were additionally adjusted for height (continuous).