Table 3.

Standardized estimates from multilevel models relating marital adjustment and child temperament to parent-child interaction behaviors

	Sensitivity to Cues		Response to Child’s Distress		Socioemotional Growth Fostering		Cognitive Growth Fostering
Effect of:	Mother Est. (s.e.)	Father Est. (s.e.)	Mother Est. (s.e.)	Father Est. (s.e.)	Mother Est. (s.e.)	Father Est. (s.e.)	Mother Est. (s.e.)	Father Est. (s.e.)
Marital Adjustment	−.14 (.12)	.30 (.14)*	−.05 (.16)	−.03 (.18)	.28 (.13)*	.69 (.15)***	.21 (.20)	.49 (.23) *
Parent Positive Affect	.29 (.11)*	−.11 (.13)	−.18 (.16)	.05 (.17)	−.05 (.13)	−.36 (.14)**	−.05 (.19)	.01 (.22)
Parent Negative Affect	.19 (.36)	−.46 (.48)	−.09 (.40)	−.90 (.49)	.52 (.32)	−.01 (.45)	−.04 (.82)	.01 (. 62)
Child Inhibitory Control	−.06 (.08)	.02 (.09)	.09 (.10)	.23 (.11)*	.10 (.08)	−.08 (.09)	.29 (.12)*	.14 (.15)
Child Positive Temperament	−.01 (.12)	−.21 (.14)	.01 (.15)	.20 (.17)	−.01 (.13)	−.22 (.14)	−.05 (.19)	.20 (.23)
Child Negative Temperament	−.04 (.09)	.02 (.11)	.15 (.12)	.18 (.15)	.08 (.10)	.14 (.12)	.01 (.15)	−.010 (.19)

Note:

^***p < .001

^**p < .01

^*p < .05.

Models controlled for the length of the Birth Narrative and the order in which children interacted with parents during the interaction task. Significant mother vs. father differences are bolded and discussed in