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. 2019 Jul 23;6:110. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00110

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Copyright © 2019 Soldevila-Domenech, Boronat, Langohr and de la Torre.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Individual-level analysis of the intervention effect in N-of-1 nutritional studies directed at improving cognitive function. Baseline observational phase A duration is randomized among volunteers. Multimodal intervention phase B triggers a different response to each individual. (B) Population-level analysis of the intervention effect. Individuals are aggregated according to their response. High respondents and moderate respondents improved their cognitive performance following the intervention. Low respondents maintained cognitive performance with the intervention. Finally, cognitive decline progressed in non-respondents despite the intervention.