Table 3.
Antimicrobial use and prescribing-related antimicrobial stewardship activities.
| Antimicrobial use and prescribing-related activities | No. of Respondents - %s in brackets |
Perceived success of the activity (only those who answered “Yes” to having the activity at their institution - with %s vs. total in brackets) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Don't know | No | Yes | Unsuccessful | Somewhat successful | Moderately successful | Very successful | Extremely successful | |
| Provision of clinical pharmacy services | 3 (2.2) | 44 (32.1) | 90 (65.7) | 11 (8.0) | 22 (16.1) | 27 (19.7) | 22 (16.1) | 8 (5.8) |
| Provision of consult service by Infectious Diseases Clinicians | 12 (8.8) | 34 (24.8) | 91 (66.4) | 17 (12.4) | 24 (17.5) | 23 (16.8) | 21 (15.3) | 6 (4.4) |
| Streamlining or de-escalation of therapy (i.e. treatment is re-directed after culture results have been obtained) | 3 (2.2) | 51 (37.2) | 83 (60.1) | 2 (1.5) | 23 (16.8) | 20 (14.6) | 24 (17.5) | 14 (10.2) |
| Use of clinical guidelines to guide antimicrobial prescribing | 13 (9.5) | 30 (21.9) | 94 (68.7) | 2 (1.5) | 33 (24.1) | 35 (25.5) | 20 (14.6) | 14 (10.2) |
| Program for timely conversion of IV to oral antimicrobials | 5 (3.6) | 50 (36.5) | 82 (59.5) | – | 32 (23.4) | 19 (13.9) | 20 (14.6) | 11 (8.0) |
| Use of phone-based approval system for antimicrobial prescribing | 3 (2.2) | 93 (67.9) | 41 (30.0) | 2 (1.5) | 15 (10.9) | 13 (9.5) | 5 (3.6) | 6 (4.4) |
| Regular multidisciplinary antimicrobial stewardship ward round to some wards or for certain patient groups | 8 (5.8) | 89 (65.0) | 40 (29.2) | 2 (1.5) | 15 (10.9) | 5 (3.6) | 12 (8.8) | 6 (4.4) |
| Use of a sticker to notify prescribers regarding the need to obtain approval for antimicrobial prescribed | 1 (0.7) | 114 (83.2) | 22 (16.1) | – | 12 (8.8) | 4 (2.9) | 6 (4.4) | – |
| Use of automatic ‘stop orders’ for antimicrobials prescribed | 1 (0.7) | 98 (71.5) | 38 (27.7) | 2 (1.5) | 8 (5.8) | 17 (12.4) | 3 (2.2) | 8 (5.8) |
| Use of electronic antimicrobial prescribing approval systems | 2 (1.5) | 114 (83.2) | 21 (15.3) | 2 (1.5) | 4 (2.9) | 2 (1.5) | 1 (0.7) | 12 (8.8) |
| Rotation of selected antimicrobial drugs within a specific timeframe | 12 (8.8) | 64 (46.7) | 61 (44.5) | 3 (2.2) | 15 (10.9) | 19 (13.9) | 17 (12.4) | 7 (5.1) |
| Implement Interventions to Reduce the Risk of Antibiotics Associated Clostridium Difficile Infection | 18 (13.1) | 66 (48.2) | 53 (38.7) | 3 (2.2) | 17 (12.4) | 8 (5.8) | 16 (11.7) | 9 (6.6) |
| Implement Strategies That Promote Cycling or Mixing in Antibiotic Selection to Reduce Antibiotic Resistance | 7 (5.1) | 55 (40.1) | 75 (54.7) | 6 (4.4) | 23 (16.8) | 20 (14.6) | 19 (13.9) | 7 (5.1) |
| Dedicated Pharmacokinetic (PK) Adjustment/TDM Program Lead to Improved Clinical Outcomes and Reduced Costs | 8 (5.8) | 94 (68.6) | 35 (25.5) | – | 9 (6.6) | 7 (5.1) | 11 (8.0) | 8 (5.8) |
| Advocate C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Procalcitonin (PCT) Testing | 19 (13.9) | 74 (54.0) | 44 (32.1) | 2 (1.5) | 7 (5.1) | 12 (8.8) | 11 (8.0) | 12 (8.8) |