Table 1.
Characteristics of respondents and mothers: Cebu, Philippines, 2002 (n=1881)
| Males (n=989) |
Females (n=892) |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intimidation and physical abuse with family (2005) | |||
| None, % | 63.5 | 40.1 | |
| Used-only, %a | 8.5 | 22.8 | <0.001 |
| Experienced-only, %a | 4.2 | 5.6 | 0.07 |
| Bidirectional, %a | 24.1 | 27.6 | 0.13 |
| Witnessed interparental violence (2002) | 0.58 | ||
| Mother hurt father, %a | 13.4 | 13.5 | |
| Father hurt mother, %a | 25.9 | 23.1 | |
| Both hurt each other, %a | 7.3 | 7.1 | |
| Neither parent hurt the other, %a | 53.5 | 56.4 | |
| Individual characteristics (2002) | |||
| Years of school completed (range 0-13), mean (SD)b | 8.0 (2.3) | 8.8 (2.0) | <0.001 |
| Married or cohabitating, %a | 4.0 | 14.4 | <0.001 |
| Worked at time of survey, %a | 58.1 | 53.3 | 0.01 |
| Church attendance, once a week or more, %a | 40.4 | 58.7 | <0.001 |
| Alcohol consumption, %a | 74.2 | 45.0 | <0.001 |
| History of drug use, %a | 22.2 | 3.4 | <0.001 |
| Maternal characteristics (2002) | |||
| Age (range 32-66), mean (SD)b | 44.8 (6.0) | 44.8 (6.0) | 0.92 |
| Years of school completed (range 0-19), mean (SD)b | 7.5 (3.9) | 7.4 (3.8) | 0.69 |
| Married or cohabitating, %a | 90.5 | 82.7 | <0.001 |
| Church attendance, once a week or more, %a | 57.9 | 60.1 | 0.36 |
| Household characteristics (2002) | |||
| Number of persons in household (range 1-18), mean (SD)b | 6.6 (2.6) | 6.8 (2.7) | 0.32 |
| Household purchased any alcohol, %a | 42.5 | 41.4 | 0.55 |
| Household asset index (range 0-25), mean (SD)b | 5.1 (4.4) | 5.0 (4.1) | 0.86 |
| Rural residence, %a | 25.9 | 26.23 | 0.87 |
a
Second-order corrected Rao-Scott chi-square used to test for independence between male and female reports.
b
Adjusted Wald test used to test for equal means.