Table 9. Indonesian plants and/or their components that show chemopreventive activity targeting tumor-promoting inflammation .
| Molecular target | Plant/compounds | Reference(s) |
| COX-2 (↓) | Brucea javanica oil | 111 |
| Panduratin A | 109 | |
| Thymoquinone | 66,112 | |
| Xanthorrhizol | 113 | |
| Curcumin | 32 | |
| iNOS (↓) | Xanthorrhizol | 113 |
| NF-κB signaling (↓) | Brucea javanica oil | 111 |
| Brazilin | 110 | |
| Thymoquinone | 112 | |
| Curcumin | 114 | |
| TNF-α (↓) | N. sativa (aqueous extract) | 94 |
| Curcumin | 114 | |
| IL-6 (↓) | N. sativa (aqueous extract) | 94 |
| Curcumin | 114 | |
| IL-1b (↓) | Thymoquinone | 112 |
COX-2: cyclooxygenase 2; iNOS: nitric oxide synthase; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor α; IL-6: interleukin 6; IL-1b: interleukin 1b.
↓: indicates down-regulation of a protein and/or pathway.