Table 1.

Wealth variables and ethnographic data for 15 populations.

population	wealth variables	marriagea	linealityb	post-marital residencec	inheritance biasesd	subsistencee
Bangladesh	education, income, land	monogamy	patrilineal	virilocal	patrilineal; largely egalitarian by birth order; primarily to males but females get dowry and sometimes other inheritances	agriculture
Bengaluru	education, social networks, RS	monogamy	patrilineal	virilocal	patrilineal; largely egalitarian by birth order; male bias in inheritance but females get dowry	agriculture, commercialism
Chewa	education, land, RS	monogamy	matrilineal	uxorilocal	matrilineal (land inheritance from mother to daughters, political office from maternal uncle to sisters' sons); no strict birth order rules	horticulture
Datoga	livestock, RS	polygyny	patrilineal	virilocal	patrilineal; largely egalitarian; primarily to males though females get special livestock	agropastoral/pastoral
Gambia	height, weight, RS	polygyny	patrilineal	virilocal	patrilineal; no strict birth order rules; primarily to males	horticulture
Himba	RS	polygyny	double descent	virilocal	patrilineal for political power and residential buildings, but cattle mainly from maternal uncle to sisters’ sons	agropastoral/pastoral
Kipsigis	cattle partners, land, livestock, RS	polygyny	patrilineal	uxorilocal	patrilineal; egalitarian; only to males	agropastoral
Krummhörn	land	monogamy	patrilineal	virilocal	patrilineal; weak ultimogeniture, although elder sons compensated with cash; bias to males but females inherit smaller portions	agriculture
Lamalera	boat shares, house quality, RS	monogamy	patrilineal	neolocal	patrilineal; generally egalitarian for material wealth, with ultimogeniture for houses	maritime foraging
Maya	education, height, weight, RS	monogamy	double descent	virilocal followed by neolocal; some uxorilocal	community land collectively owned as part of post-revolutionary land tenure (ejido) system	agriculture
Mosuo	education, RS	polygyny permitted but rare	matrilineal and patrilineal (village-level)	uxorilocal and virilocal	some villages with matrilineal inheritance, egalitarian and to females only, others with patrilineal descent, ultimogeniture, and to males only	agriculture
Pimbwe	farm skill, household wealth, RS	polygyny permitted but rare	weakly patrilineal	virilocal, uxorilocal, neolocal	patrilineal/matrilineal; generally egalitarian; to males and females	horticulture
Poland	education	monogamy	patrilineal	virilocal, uxorilocal, neolocal	patrilineal; ultimogeniture of land and property preferred; some women inherit land	agriculture
Tsimane	knowledge, weight, RS	polygyny permitted but rare	double descent	uxorilocal then virilocal	patrilineal/matrilineal; generally egalitarian; to males and females	horticulture
Ust'-Avam	education, RS	monogamy	cognatic	virilocal, uxorilocal, neolocal	patrilineal with some matrilineal transmission to sons-in-law; largely egalitarian; male biased	foraging

^aMarriage type based on rule and prevalence.

^bDescent group membership based on rule and prevalence. Patrilineal, membership through father's group; matrilineal, membership through mother's descent group; double descent, membership of both matrilineal descent and patrilineal descent groups; cognatic, membership of a single descent group consisting of mothers and fathers family.

^cPostmarital residence based on rule and general practice. Virilocal, with husband's family members; uxorilocal, with wife's family members; neolocal, with no family members nearby.

^dGender-biased transmission of resources and status between generations (as defined in text), with additional notes (if relevant) on whether intergenerational transmission is affected by birth order (egalitarian, ultimogeniture or primogeniture) and whether there is a strong male or female bias to ownership or control of inheritances.

^ePrimary form(s) of subsistence during study period.