FIGURE 2.

Schematic representation of mitotic redistribution and inheritance of organelles and their connection with the cell cycle. In mammalian cells, during mitosis, the organelles are subjected to complex structural reorganizations. (A,B) During G2, the Golgi ribbon is converted into isolated stacks, and the centrosomes are separated. Golgi unlinking activates a Src/Aurora A signaling pathway that is required for entry into mitosis and centrosome maturation (a). (C) During prophase, the GC is disassembled into dispersed vesicles and vesicular/tubular clusters; the endosomes, mitochondria and peroxisomes are separated and evenly redistributed in the cell. The disassembly of Golgi stacks allows the release of proteins and the activation of a TPX2/Aurora A pathway that concur to aid the formation of the spindle (b). (D) During metaphase, several organelle-based protein machineries (e.g., GM130, Rab11 endosomes, and peroxisomes) (c) contribute to organize the formation of the spindle and to achieve correct chromosome alignment at the metaphasic plate. (E) After the formation of the cleavage furrow, the cells are ready to complete the cytokinesis process, which requires mitochondria fission and endosome traffic (d). Impairment of one of the membrane-based processes can cause several defects in correct completion of mitosis, with potential repercussions on tissue homeostasis and diseases development. CE, centrosome; GC, Golgi complex; NU, nucleus. Adapted with permission from Ayala and Colanzi (2017).