(A) pH-induced structural transformation of pH-sensitive magnetic nanogrenades (PMNs) and change of magnetism and photoactivity. (B) In vivo near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent imaging of HCT116 tumor-bearing mice before and after intravenous injection of different materials. Figures A and B reprinted with permission from Ling D, Park W, Park SJ, et al. Multifunctional tumor pH-sensitive self-assembled nanoparticles for bimodal imaging and treatment of resistant heterogeneous tumors. J Am Chem Soc. 2014;136(15):5647–5655.54 Copyright © 2014, American Chemical Society. (C) Schematic of the structure of semiconducting polymer brush (SPB), and fabrication of SPB@POM, as well as mechanism for the acidity-triggered aggregation of SPB@POM. (D) Photoacoustic intensities of SPB and SPB@POM under different conditions. (E) Time-dependent temperature rise curves and IR thermal image (insets) for SPB@POM under different conditions. Figures C to E reprinted with permission from Yang Z, Fan W, Tang W, et al. Near-infrared semiconducting polymer brush and pH/GSH-responsive polyoxometalate cluster hybrid platform for enhanced tumor-specific phototheranostics. Angew Chem-Int Edit. 2018; 57(43):14101–14105.55 Copyright © WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
Abbreviations: GSH, glutathione; PMNs, pH sensitive magnetic nanogrenades; SPB@PON, semiconducting polymer brush and polyoxometalate cluster.