Table 4.
Summary of the published studies on pediatric long-stay patients
| Study | Author, year | Country | Study period | No. of ICUs | ICU characteristics | Study population | Exclusion criteria |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Pollack et al., 1987 [3] | USA | 1981–2, 1984–5 | 1 | Multidisciplinary PICUs | 647 | NA |
| 2 | Marcin et al., 2001 [6] | USA | NA | 32 | General PICUs | 11,165 | NA |
| 3 | van der Heide et al., 2004 [10] | Netherlands | 1992–1997 | 1 | Multidisciplinary PICUs | 34 | Age < 1 year old, >18 years old |
| 4 | Naghib et al., 2010 [7] | Netherlands | 2003–2005 | 1 | Multidisciplinary PICUs | 2607 | None |
| 5 | Namachivayam et al., 2012 [8] | Australia | 1989–2008 | 1 | Tertiary PICUs | 27,536 | NA |
| 6 | Nupen et al., 2017 [17] | South Africa | NA | 1 | Multidisciplinary PICUs | 1126 | NA |
| 7 | Pollack et al., 2018 [5] | USA | 2011–2013 | 8 | General and cardiac PICUs | 10,078 | Age > 18 years old |
| 8 | Knaup et al., 2019 | Japan | 2013–2016 | 7 | General PICUs and mixed adult-pediatric ICUs | 4107 | Age > 16 years old |
| Study | LSP definition | LSP number | LSP age | LOS of LSPs (days) | Bed occupancy by LSPs | Mortality (SSPs/LSPs) | |
| 1 | > 13 days | 7.1% (n = 46) | 13 months* | 35.8** | 50.0% | 7.3%/17.4% | |
| 2 | > 12 days | 4.7% (n = 460) | 45.5 months* | 28.3* | 36.1% | 4.4%/15.0% | |
| 3 | ≥ 30 days | NA (n = 19) | 10.7 years** | 37** | NA | NA/10.5% | |
| 4 | ≥ 28 days | 4.4% (n = 116) | 1 month** | 56* | 63.0% | 4.6%/22.0% | |
| 5 | ≥ 28 days | 1.0% (n = 269) | 4.2 months* | 40* | 18.5% | NA | |
| 6 | > 19 days | 4.8% (n = 54) | 4.0 months* | 29.5* | 30.4% | 2.4%/29.6% | |
| 7 | ≥ 19 days | 4.6% | NA | NA | 37.6% | NA | |
| 8 | > 14 days | 8.0% (n = 330) | 10 months* | 21* | 38.0% | 1.3%/9.1% | |
*Median
**Mean
ICU intensive care unit, LOS length of stay, LSP(s) long-stay patient(s), NA not available, SSPs short-stay patients, USA the United States of America