Table 5.

Predictors of long-stay pediatric patients or independent long-stay patient-associated factors

Study*	Factors
2 [6]	• Age < 12 months • Previous ICU admission • Emergency admission • No CPR before admission • Pneumonia • Chronic TPN • Chronic tracheostomy	• Admission from another ICU • Other respiratory diseases • Never discharged from the hospital • Ventilator • Intracranial catheter • 10 < PRISM III—24 score < 33
6 [17]	• Female gender
7 [5]	• Age < 12 months • Moderate or severe baseline FFS • PRISM III total score • ECMO during PICU stay • RRT during PICU stay	• MV during PICU stay • Vasoactive infusions during PICU stay • Antibiotics during PICU stay • Neuromuscular blockade during PICU stay • Steroids use during PICU stay
8	• Age < 2 years • Post CPR • Circulatory disorder • Myocarditis/cardiomyopathy • PCPC ≥ 2 before admission	• Encephalitis/encephalopathy • Liver dysfunction** • CHD (non-post-operative) • Lung tissue disease (pneumonia) • PIM2 ≥ 1

*Study numbers are consistent with those in Table 4

**Status for non-post operation or post-liver transplantation

CHD congenital heart disease, CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation, ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, FFS Functional Status Scale, ISS Injury Severity Score, MV mechanical ventilation, PCPC Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category, (P)ICU (pediatric) intensive care unit, PIM2 Pediatric Index of Mortality 2, PRISM Pediatric Risk of Mortality, RRT Renal replacement therapy, TPN total parenteral nutrition