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. 2019 Jul 29;10:225. doi: 10.1186/s13287-019-1332-8

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 11 — Expression changes of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway-related factors. Western blot and qRT-PCR was used to detect the protein and mRNA expression of TGF-β, Smad2, and p-Smad2. a Representative Western blot results. b–d Quantitative Western blot results of TGF-β1, Smad2, and p-Smad2, respectively. e and f mRNA levels of TGF-β and Smad2 by qRT-PCR. *P < 0.05, compared with control; ^#P < 0.05, compared with 25 μg/mL Exo