Table 2.
Characteristics of inpatients with different subtypes of influenza viruses during the 2011–2017 and 2017–2018 influenza seasons
| Variables n (%) | B | A/H1N1 | A/H3N2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2011–2017 (n = 44) |
2017–2018 (n = 153) |
2011–2017 (n = 77) |
2017–2018 (n = 110) |
2011–2017 (n = 48) |
2017–2018 (n = 26) |
|
| Gender-male | 25 (56.8) | 92 (60.1) | 45 (58.4) | 66 (60.0) | 32 (66.7) | 11 (42.3)* |
| Age groups | ||||||
| < 14 years | 21 (47.7) | 23 (15.0) | 1 (1.3) | 13 (11.8) | 0 (0) | 1 (3.8) |
| 14–59 years | 16 (36.4) | 62 (40.5) | 47 (61.0) | 57 (51.8)* | 18 (37.5) | 10 (38.5) |
| > =60 years | 7 (15.9) | 68 (44.4)** | 29 (37.7) | 40 (36.4) | 30 (62.5) | 15 (57.7) |
| Co-morbidities | ||||||
| Cardiovascular diseases | 7 (15.9) | 55 (35.9)* | 50 (64.9) | 49 (44.5)** | 21 (43.8) | 16 (61.5) |
| Respiratory diseases | 2 (4.5) | 13 (8.5) | 7 (9.1) | 10 (9.1) | 8 (16.7) | 1 (3.8) |
| Chronic renal diseases | 2 (4.5) | 12 (7.8) | 6 (7.8) | 9 (8.2) | 3 (4.5) | 1 (3.8) |
| Chronic liver diseases | 3 (6.8) | 18 (11.8) | 4 (5.2) | 8 (7.3) | 4 (8.3) | 1 (3.8) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1 (2.3) | 15 (9.8) | 9 (11.7) | 12 (10.9) | 8 (16.7) | 2 (7.7) |
| Cancer and hematological diseases | 9 (20.5) | 53 (34.6) | 27 (35.1) | 25 (22.7) | 20 (41.7) | 5 (19.2) |
| Stroke and Neuromuscular diseases | 2 (4.5) | 11 (7.2) | 6 (7.8) | 4 (3.6) | 7 (14.6) | 2 (7.7) |
| Immunosuppressant | 2 (4.5) | 27 (17.6)* | 13 (16.9) | 10 (9.1) | 4 (8.3) | 1 (3.8) |
| Pregnancy | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (1.8) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Postmortum within 30 days after delivery | 0 (0) | 1 (0.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Current smoking | 3 (6.8) | 31 (20.3)* | 13 (16.9) | 21 (19.1) | 4 (8.3) | 5 (19.2) |
| Received seasonal or influenza A (H1N1) vaccination | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Symptoms and Lab findings | ||||||
| Fever (temp > = 38) | 43 (97.7) | 136 (88.9) | 71 (92.2) | 98 (89.1) | 45 (93.8) | 23 (88.5) |
| Cough | 32 (72.7) | 125 (81.7) | 70 (90.9) | 97 (88.2) | 39 (81.3) | 25 (96.2) |
| Dyspnea | 3 (6.8) | 13 (8.5) | 9 (11.7) | 31 (28.2)** | 5 (10.4) | 6 (23.1) |
| Hemoptysis | 0 (0) | 6 (3.9) | 4 (5.2) | 8 (7.3) | 1 (2.1) | 0 (0) |
| CNS symptom | 0 (0) | 2 (1.3) | 1 (4.3) | 8 (7.3) | 1 (2.1) | 1 (3.8) |
| WBC < 4 | 13 (29.5) | 40 (26.1) | 26 (33.8) | 19 (17.3)** | 11 (22.9) | 11 (42.3) |
| L% < 20% | 17 (40.5) | 81 (53.3) | 49 (63.6) | 69 (63.3) | 31 (68.9) | 12 (46.2)* |
| Platelet< 100 | 7 (15.9) | 35 (22.9) | 17 (22.1) | 10 (9.1)* | 12 (25.0) | 1 (3.8) |
| ALT > 40 | 8 (18.2) | 38 (25.9) | 18 (23.7) | 45 (42.5)** | 10 (20.8) | 3 (12.0) |
| AST > 40 | 21 (48.8) | 49 (33.1) | 22 (28.9) | 54 (51.4)** | 11 (22.9) | 6 (25.0) |
| LDH > 300 | 21 (55.3) | 45 (35.7)* | 19 (33.3) | 61 (58.7)** | 8 (20.0) | 2 (8.7) |
| CK > 200 | 5 (13.5) | 18 (14.4) | 5 (8.8) | 30 (28.6)** | 4 (10.0) | 6 (26.1) |
| CRP > 8 | 22 (57.9) | 96 (70.1) | 60 (87.0) | 79 (79.8) | 39 (84.8) | 21 (84.8) |
| ESR > 20 | 15 (60.0) | 46 (59.0) | 34 (69.4) | 45 (64.3) | 18 (62.1) | 7 (46.7) |
| Treatment on admission | ||||||
| Antibiotics use | 39 (88.6) | 133 (86.9) | 74 (96.1) | 101 (91.8) | 47 (97.9) | 24 (92.3) |
| Mechanical ventilation | 2 (4.5) | 7 (4.6) | 15 (19.5) | 22 (20.0) | 4 (8.3) | 4 (15.4) |
| Oseltamivir | 27 (61.4) | 109 (71.2) | 75 (97.4) | 88 (80.0)** | 45 (93.8) | 25 (96.2) |
| Traditional Chinese Medicine | 6 (13.6) | 35 (22.9) | 8 (10.4) | 28 (25.5)* | 14 (29.2) | 1 (3.8)* |
| Glucocorticoids | 9 (20.5) | 65 (42.5)** | 35 (45.5) | 63 (57.3) | 20 (41.7) | 6 (23.1) |
| Outcome | ||||||
| In-hospital fatality | 0 (0) | 11 (7.2) | 1 (1.3) | 8 (7.3) | 1 (2.1) | 0 (0) |
WBC white cell (× 109/L), L lymphocyte percent, PLT platelet (× 109/L), ALT alanine aminotransferase (U/L), AST aspartate aminotransferase (U/L), LDH lactate dehydrogenase (U/L), CK creatine kinase (U/L), CRP C-reactive protein (mg/L), ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate (mm/h), IQR interquartile range
*, ** Boldface values indicate (*P < .05; **P < .01). Comparison of influenza season 2017–2018 with control group (influenza season 2011–2017) among same type and subtypes of seasonal influenza viruses