. 2019 Jul 29;19:285. doi: 10.1186/s12909-019-1721-9

Table 5.

Mean Preclinical and Clinical Scores by by Mode of Response (Maximum Score 3.0)

	All Students (n = 197)	Paper (n = 135)	Electronic (n = 62)	p-value [effect size]
Preclinical knowledge of prediabetes and diabetes prevention	1.28	1.18	1.33	0.249 [0.209]
Clinical management knowledge of prediabetes and diabetes prevention	0.99	0.93	1.15	0.048** [0.178]

All Students
(n = 197)

Paper
(n = 135)

Electronic
(n = 62)

p-value
[effect size]

Preclinical knowledge of prediabetes and diabetes prevention

1.28

1.18

1.33

0.249

[0.209]

Clinical management knowledge of prediabetes and diabetes prevention

0.99

0.93

1.15

0.048**

[0.178]

p-values student scores are significantly different from students who took the test electronically compared to students who took the test on paper; **p < 0.05; significant effect size for educational research is ≥0.33