Table 2.
Spine Rasterstereography: Trunk Values (Means and Standard Deviations)
| Spine rasterstereography: Trunk values | Healthy group, mean ± SD | Breast cancer group, mean ± SD | p < 0.05 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anterior–posterior flexion (mm) | 20.02 ± 10.94 | 27.85 ± 32.60 | 0.001 |
| Lateral flexion (mm) | 0.60 ± 12.67 | −3.40 ± 24.12 | 0.378 |
| Pelvic inclination (mm) | −1.17 ± 3.11 | 0.84 ± 5.58 | 0.018 |
| Twist of half-pelvis (degree) | 1.12 ± 1.75 | −0.04 ± 2.99 | 0.005 |
| Pelvis rotation (degree) | 0.22 ± 3.51 | 1.38 ± 4.84 | 0.703 |
| Apex of dorsal kyphosis (mm) | −0.36 ± 0.04 | −0.33 ± 0.67 | 0.117 |
| Thoracolumbar inversion point (mm) | −0.62 ± 0.04 | −0.62 ± 0.05 | 0.564 |
| Apex of lordosis (mm) | −0.79 ± 0.03 | −0.78 ± 0.05 | 0.071 |
| Lumbosacral inversion point (mm), normalized | 0.99 ± 0.02 | −0.96 ± 0.04 | 0.005 |
| Cervical arrow (Stagnara; mm) | 52.98 ± 13.62 | 54.56 ± 23.36 | 0.113 |
| Lumbar arrow (Stagnara; mm) | 35.92 ± 12.04 | 42.33 ± 9.71 | 0.250 |
| Kyphotic angle (max; degree) | 52.53 ± 8.25 | 54.69 ± 9.79 | 0.274 |
| Lordotic angle (max; degree) | 48.10 ± 7.54 | 51.45 ± 11.47 | 0.396 |
| Surface rotation (+max; degree) | 5.10 ± 3.98 | 5.21 ± 5.36 | 0.871 |
| Surface rotation (−max; degree) | −6.68 ± 2.48 | −8.02 ± 5.64 | 0.099 |
| Surface rotation (amplitude; degree) | 11.79 ± 3.92 | 13.24 ± 8.19 | 0.048 |
| Lateral deviation (mm) | 5.60 ± 3.38 | 8.31 ± 6.71 | 0.050 |
| Surface rotation D4 (degree) | 3.12 ± 2.28 | 4.42 ± 3.48 | 0.511 |
| Surface rotation D4 (mass; degree) | −3.70 ± 5.28 | −5.16 ± 9.61 | 0.195 |
| Surface rotation D4 (amplitude; degree) | 5.26 ± 3.30 | 9.64 ± 6.35 | 0.448 |
Variables were tested for normality using Shapiro–Wilk test; all the outcome measures were not normally distributed and so Mann–Whitney U-test was used to detect difference between groups.