Figure 3.

Musicians show heightened responses to the harmonics of the upper tone and sum tones in the consonant interval. A, Grand average spectra for musicians (red) and nonmusicians (black) for the consonant interval. f₁ and f₂ denote G and E. B, Amplitudes of frequencies showing significant group differences. Error bars represent ±1 SE. C, Pearson's correlations (r and p) between amplitudes and years of musical training. Significant correlations appear in bold. D, Individual amplitudes of the second harmonic of E (top) and f₂ + 3f₁ (= E f₀ + G H₃) (bottom) as a function of years of musical training for all subjects (n = 26) including the amateur group. Filled black circles represent nonmusicians, open black circles amateur musicians, and red circles represent musicians.