Table 2.
Mean (SD) | Range | |
---|---|---|
Executive/attentional | ||
WCST categories | 3.71 (1.80) | 1.00–6.00 |
Number of errors (Z) | −0.51 (0.96) | −1.75 to 0.87 |
% Persev. errors (Z) | −0.59 (1.32) | −2.7 to 1.05 |
Fluency | ||
Phonemic (Z) | −0.97 (1.59) | −2.93 to 1.22 |
Semantic (Z) | −0.84 (1.45) | −2.76 to 0.94 |
SDMT | ||
Oral (Z) | −0.29 (0.83) | −1.65 to 0.68 |
Written (Z) | 0.09 (1.20) | −1.89 to 1.37 |
TMT | ||
Part A (Z) | −0.87 (1.31) | −2.33 to 0.85 |
Part B (Z) | −1.38 (1.58) | −2.88 to 0.62 |
Anterograde memory | ||
WMS III | ||
LM1 (SS) | 7.25 (2.31) | 4.00–11.00 |
LM2 (SS) | 7.13 (2.70) | 4.00–13.00 |
VPA1 (SS) | 5.75 (3.69) | 1.00–12.00 |
VPA2 (SS) | 6.50 (3.34) | 3.00–13.00 |
Recognition (SS) | 8.25 (3.11) | 5.00–14.00 |
RCFT | ||
Immediate (Z) | −1.40 (0.87) | −2.75 to −0.60 |
Delayed (Z) | −1.70 (0.79) | −2.75 to −0.92 |
RAVLT | ||
Trial 1 (Z) | −1.35 (1.28) | −2.68 to 0.37 |
Delayed (Z) | −1.70 (0.92) | −3.41 to 0.56 |
Delayed recognition (hits-FA) (Z) | −1.33 (1.20) | −3.20 to 1.54 |
Remote memory | ||
AMI-EM | ||
Childhooda | 7.00 (1.58) | 5.00–9.00 |
Early adulthooda | 7.40 (1.82) | 5.00–9.00 |
Recent (anterograde)b | 5.00 (3.16) | 0.00–8.00 |
AMI-Sem. | ||
Childhoodc | 19.40 (1.34) | 18.00–21.00 |
Early adulthoodd | 19.30 (1.03) | 18.00–20.50 |
Recent (anterograde)e | 16.30 (5.68) | 8.50–21.00 |
The normative data for the tests were taken from the original manuals or from the sources referenced below. AMI, The Autobiographical Memory Interview (Kopelman et al., 1990); AMI-EM, event memory; AMI-Sem., semantic memory; RAVLT, Rey's Auditory Verbal Learning Test; RCFT, Rey's Complex Figure Test; SDMT, Symbol Digit Modalities Test; TMT, Trails Making Test; WCST, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; Persev., perseverations; WMS, Wechsler Memory Scale III; LM1, logical memory immediate; LM2, logical memory delayed; VPA1, verbal paired associates immediate; VPA2, verbal paired associates delayed; SS, scaled score (cutoff for abnormal, ≤ 4); Z, Z score (cutoff for abnormal, ≤ −2).
aCutoff for abnormal, ≤ 3;
bcutoff for abnormal, ≤ 5;
ccutoff for abnormal, ≤ 11;
dcutoff for abnormal, ≤ 14;
ecutoff for abnormal, ≤ 17.