Figure 12.

Effects of training in M13 and M14: kinematic analysis. A, C, E, G, Tool trajectories (mean ± 1 SD) for reaching and retrieving food of trained monkeys. Black squares: starting points. Colored squares: food position (5 directions: −45 to +45°). A, E, Trajectories using rake M13 and M14. A marker was attached at the middle of the rake-head. The left starting point was used for all directions except that straight ahead. C, G, Trajectories using pliers (M14). Markers attached on the arms of the pliers, 3 cm from the tip. B, D, F, H, Mean (±1 SD) speed-time diagrams for two trajectories (−2.5° and +45°). Rake, M13 and M14 (B, F); pliers, M13 and M14 (D, H).