Noise resistance of the paradigm. a, The coordinates of each point are the Victor–Purpura (VP) distance ‖x − γ(x)‖VP between an input pattern x and the jittered version of it γ(x) (horizontal axis), and the VP distance between the corresponding output patterns (vertical axis). b, c, Evolution of the reliability (b) and the firing rate (c) in the free-running neurons for several level of external noise (relatively to νthresh). Errors bars are obtained on 10 run per surrogate. d, e, Linear decrease of the reproducibility for one particular pattern (d), and difference between the SNRs obtained with a real pattern and those obtained for surrogates (e), as a function of the external noise.