Figure 9.

Effects of CBD and other potential neuroprotectants against toxicity induced by the mitochondrial uncoupler FCCP in SH-SY5Y cells. A, The phytocannabinoid CBD is neuroprotective with and without preincubation (Pre-inc.), although protection was enhanced when CBD was present before FCCP was applied. Such neuroprotection was similarly observed in hippocampal cultures (HIPP.) Maximal protection with CBD was comparable to that observed with cyclosporin A (CsA). B, Comparison of antioxidant effects of CBD and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Note the apparent synergism between these two compounds, achieving full (100%) protection. C, Confirmation of FCCP's actions to disrupt mitochondrial potential was obtained using MitoCapture, demonstrating both a reduced number of healthy cells (red signal) and increased number of cells with disrupted mitochondrial potential (green signal) in the presence of FCCP. Data are presented relative to controls (+SEM). *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001; n.s., not statistically significant.